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Review of Newly Identified Functions Associated With the Heat-Labile Toxin of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli

Heat-labile toxin (LT) is a well-characterized powerful enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). This toxin is known to contribute to diarrhea in young children in developing countries, international travelers, as well as many different species of young animals. Interestingly...

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Autores principales: Duan, Qiangde, Xia, Pengpeng, Nandre, Rahul, Zhang, Weiping, Zhu, Guoqiang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6700299/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31456954
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00292
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author Duan, Qiangde
Xia, Pengpeng
Nandre, Rahul
Zhang, Weiping
Zhu, Guoqiang
author_facet Duan, Qiangde
Xia, Pengpeng
Nandre, Rahul
Zhang, Weiping
Zhu, Guoqiang
author_sort Duan, Qiangde
collection PubMed
description Heat-labile toxin (LT) is a well-characterized powerful enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). This toxin is known to contribute to diarrhea in young children in developing countries, international travelers, as well as many different species of young animals. Interestingly, it has also been revealed that LT is involved in other activities in addition to its role in enterotoxicity. Recent studies have indicated that LT toxin enhances enteric pathogen adherence and subsequent intestinal colonization. LT has also been shown to act as a powerful adjuvant capable of upregulating vaccine antigenicity; it also serves as a protein or antigenic peptide display platform for new vaccine development, and can be used as a naturally derived cell targeting and protein delivery tool. This review summarizes the epidemiology, secretion, delivery, and mechanisms of action of LT, while also highlighting new functions revealed by recent studies.
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spelling pubmed-67002992019-08-27 Review of Newly Identified Functions Associated With the Heat-Labile Toxin of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli Duan, Qiangde Xia, Pengpeng Nandre, Rahul Zhang, Weiping Zhu, Guoqiang Front Cell Infect Microbiol Cellular and Infection Microbiology Heat-labile toxin (LT) is a well-characterized powerful enterotoxin produced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli (ETEC). This toxin is known to contribute to diarrhea in young children in developing countries, international travelers, as well as many different species of young animals. Interestingly, it has also been revealed that LT is involved in other activities in addition to its role in enterotoxicity. Recent studies have indicated that LT toxin enhances enteric pathogen adherence and subsequent intestinal colonization. LT has also been shown to act as a powerful adjuvant capable of upregulating vaccine antigenicity; it also serves as a protein or antigenic peptide display platform for new vaccine development, and can be used as a naturally derived cell targeting and protein delivery tool. This review summarizes the epidemiology, secretion, delivery, and mechanisms of action of LT, while also highlighting new functions revealed by recent studies. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-08-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6700299/ /pubmed/31456954 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00292 Text en Copyright © 2019 Duan, Xia, Nandre, Zhang and Zhu. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Cellular and Infection Microbiology
Duan, Qiangde
Xia, Pengpeng
Nandre, Rahul
Zhang, Weiping
Zhu, Guoqiang
Review of Newly Identified Functions Associated With the Heat-Labile Toxin of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
title Review of Newly Identified Functions Associated With the Heat-Labile Toxin of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
title_full Review of Newly Identified Functions Associated With the Heat-Labile Toxin of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
title_fullStr Review of Newly Identified Functions Associated With the Heat-Labile Toxin of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
title_full_unstemmed Review of Newly Identified Functions Associated With the Heat-Labile Toxin of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
title_short Review of Newly Identified Functions Associated With the Heat-Labile Toxin of Enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli
title_sort review of newly identified functions associated with the heat-labile toxin of enterotoxigenic escherichia coli
topic Cellular and Infection Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6700299/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31456954
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2019.00292
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