Early recovery of neuronal functioning in the sensory cortex after nerve reconstruction surgery

BACKGROUND: Nerve reconstructive surgery induces a transient loss and a prolonged and a gradual return of sensory inputs to the brain. It is unknown whether, following this massive peripheral denervation, the brain will experience a prolonged period of severe, intrinsic dysfunction. OBJECTIVE: We aim to investigate the mechanisms of return of processing function in cortical neurons. METHODS: We used the whisker model in rats to evaluate the functional recovery in the somatosensory cortex after a nerve reconstruction surgery. Multi-unit recording in the barrel cortex was performed in lightly anesthetized rats while their whiskers were stimulated by a whisker stimulator. RESULTS: We observed a loss of neuronal responses to whisker stimulation 1 week after surgery, which started to recover 2 weeks after surgery. Following the surgery, only 11.8% of units had principle whiskers (PWs) returned to their original status while 17.7% had PWs different from their original status, indicating the effect of aberrant reinnervation on the whisker response map. CONCLUSIONS: Robust neuronal responses to sensory stimulation even when only sparse sensory inputs are available in the early recovery phase. During this phase, aberrant reinnervation induces disorganized whisker tuning, a finding that might be account for the hypoesthesia and paresthesia during early recovery after nerve reconstruction.