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Do Changes in Oral Microbiota Correlate With Plasma Nitrite Response? A Systematic Review

Background: Nitric Oxide (NO) has a role in immunitary defense, regulation of mucosal blood flow and mucus production, regulation of smooth muscle contraction, cerebral blood flow, glucose regulation, and mitochondrial function. NO can be synthetized endogenously through the L-arginine-NO pathway or...

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Autores principales: Zhurakivska, Khrystyna, Troiano, Giuseppe, Caponio, Vito Carlo Alberto, Dioguardi, Mario, Laino, Luigi, Maffione, Angela Bruna, Lo Muzio, Lorenzo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6700760/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31456696
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01029
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author Zhurakivska, Khrystyna
Troiano, Giuseppe
Caponio, Vito Carlo Alberto
Dioguardi, Mario
Laino, Luigi
Maffione, Angela Bruna
Lo Muzio, Lorenzo
author_facet Zhurakivska, Khrystyna
Troiano, Giuseppe
Caponio, Vito Carlo Alberto
Dioguardi, Mario
Laino, Luigi
Maffione, Angela Bruna
Lo Muzio, Lorenzo
author_sort Zhurakivska, Khrystyna
collection PubMed
description Background: Nitric Oxide (NO) has a role in immunitary defense, regulation of mucosal blood flow and mucus production, regulation of smooth muscle contraction, cerebral blood flow, glucose regulation, and mitochondrial function. NO can be synthetized endogenously through the L-arginine-NO pathway or it can be absorbed by the human intestine through the dietary intake. Most of the ingested NO is in the form of nitrate ([Formula: see text]). [Formula: see text] is a substrate of oral and intestinal microbiota and, at the end of the catabolic pathway, NO is released. Using antibacterial mouthwashes leads to an alteration of salivary [Formula: see text] metabolism, however, with unclear consequences on the circulating NO levels. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review in order to elucidate if the alterations of oral microbiota lead to modifications in plasma NO content. Methods: Electronic databases were screened, using the following terms: [“oral bacteria” and (nitrate OR nitrite OR nitric)]. Clinical studies reporting [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] measurements in blood and their correlation to oral microbiota variations were included. We focused on the correlation between the changes in oral microbiota and plasma concentrations of nitrites (primary outcome). Subsequently, we investigated if modifications in oral microbiota could lead to changes in blood pressure and salivary [Formula: see text] concentration (secondary outcome). Results: Six studies, for a total of 82 participants were included in this review. In four studies, the use of mouthwash correlated to a reduction of plasma nitrite concentration (p < 0.05); Two studies did not find any difference in plasma nitrate or nitrite concentration. In five studies, a correlation between blood pressure (BP) changes and antibacterial mouthwashing emerged. Anyway, only three studies suggested a significant increase of systolic BP following mouthwashing compared with controls. Conclusions: Although, the role of oral bacteria has been unequivocally demonstrated in the regulation of salivary [Formula: see text] metabolism, their influence on plasma concentration of NO species remains ambiguous. Further studies with larger sample size are required in order to demonstrate if an alteration in oral microbiota composition may influence the blood content of [Formula: see text] / [Formula: see text] /NO and all the linked biological processes.
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spelling pubmed-67007602019-08-27 Do Changes in Oral Microbiota Correlate With Plasma Nitrite Response? A Systematic Review Zhurakivska, Khrystyna Troiano, Giuseppe Caponio, Vito Carlo Alberto Dioguardi, Mario Laino, Luigi Maffione, Angela Bruna Lo Muzio, Lorenzo Front Physiol Physiology Background: Nitric Oxide (NO) has a role in immunitary defense, regulation of mucosal blood flow and mucus production, regulation of smooth muscle contraction, cerebral blood flow, glucose regulation, and mitochondrial function. NO can be synthetized endogenously through the L-arginine-NO pathway or it can be absorbed by the human intestine through the dietary intake. Most of the ingested NO is in the form of nitrate ([Formula: see text]). [Formula: see text] is a substrate of oral and intestinal microbiota and, at the end of the catabolic pathway, NO is released. Using antibacterial mouthwashes leads to an alteration of salivary [Formula: see text] metabolism, however, with unclear consequences on the circulating NO levels. The aim of this study is to perform a systematic review in order to elucidate if the alterations of oral microbiota lead to modifications in plasma NO content. Methods: Electronic databases were screened, using the following terms: [“oral bacteria” and (nitrate OR nitrite OR nitric)]. Clinical studies reporting [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] measurements in blood and their correlation to oral microbiota variations were included. We focused on the correlation between the changes in oral microbiota and plasma concentrations of nitrites (primary outcome). Subsequently, we investigated if modifications in oral microbiota could lead to changes in blood pressure and salivary [Formula: see text] concentration (secondary outcome). Results: Six studies, for a total of 82 participants were included in this review. In four studies, the use of mouthwash correlated to a reduction of plasma nitrite concentration (p < 0.05); Two studies did not find any difference in plasma nitrate or nitrite concentration. In five studies, a correlation between blood pressure (BP) changes and antibacterial mouthwashing emerged. Anyway, only three studies suggested a significant increase of systolic BP following mouthwashing compared with controls. Conclusions: Although, the role of oral bacteria has been unequivocally demonstrated in the regulation of salivary [Formula: see text] metabolism, their influence on plasma concentration of NO species remains ambiguous. Further studies with larger sample size are required in order to demonstrate if an alteration in oral microbiota composition may influence the blood content of [Formula: see text] / [Formula: see text] /NO and all the linked biological processes. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-08-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6700760/ /pubmed/31456696 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01029 Text en Copyright © 2019 Zhurakivska, Troiano, Caponio, Dioguardi, Laino, Maffione and Lo Muzio. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Zhurakivska, Khrystyna
Troiano, Giuseppe
Caponio, Vito Carlo Alberto
Dioguardi, Mario
Laino, Luigi
Maffione, Angela Bruna
Lo Muzio, Lorenzo
Do Changes in Oral Microbiota Correlate With Plasma Nitrite Response? A Systematic Review
title Do Changes in Oral Microbiota Correlate With Plasma Nitrite Response? A Systematic Review
title_full Do Changes in Oral Microbiota Correlate With Plasma Nitrite Response? A Systematic Review
title_fullStr Do Changes in Oral Microbiota Correlate With Plasma Nitrite Response? A Systematic Review
title_full_unstemmed Do Changes in Oral Microbiota Correlate With Plasma Nitrite Response? A Systematic Review
title_short Do Changes in Oral Microbiota Correlate With Plasma Nitrite Response? A Systematic Review
title_sort do changes in oral microbiota correlate with plasma nitrite response? a systematic review
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6700760/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31456696
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01029
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