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Levofloxacin: Insights Into Antibiotic Resistance and Product Quality

Counterfeit and substandard medicines are recognized as one of serious threats to public health. The product quality of antibacterial medicine will compromise patients’ recovery and increase the chance of antibacterial resistance. The review aims to provide a summary of low quality levofloxacin issu...

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Autores principales: Izadi, Ensieh, Afshan, Gull, Patel, Rahul P., Rao, Venkatesan M., Liew, Kai Bin, Meor Mohd Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan, Kifli, Nurolaini, Suleiman, Amal, Lee, Kah Seng, Sarker, Md. Moklesur R., Zaidi, Syed Tabish, Ming, Long Chiau
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6702332/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31474853
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00881
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author Izadi, Ensieh
Afshan, Gull
Patel, Rahul P.
Rao, Venkatesan M.
Liew, Kai Bin
Meor Mohd Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan
Kifli, Nurolaini
Suleiman, Amal
Lee, Kah Seng
Sarker, Md. Moklesur R.
Zaidi, Syed Tabish
Ming, Long Chiau
author_facet Izadi, Ensieh
Afshan, Gull
Patel, Rahul P.
Rao, Venkatesan M.
Liew, Kai Bin
Meor Mohd Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan
Kifli, Nurolaini
Suleiman, Amal
Lee, Kah Seng
Sarker, Md. Moklesur R.
Zaidi, Syed Tabish
Ming, Long Chiau
author_sort Izadi, Ensieh
collection PubMed
description Counterfeit and substandard medicines are recognized as one of serious threats to public health. The product quality of antibacterial medicine will compromise patients’ recovery and increase the chance of antibacterial resistance. The review aims to provide a summary of low quality levofloxacin issues and the risk factors as well as suggesting the aspects of product quality that need to be regulated strictly. Quality of the active ingredient, levofloxacin, has an important role to contribute to successful therapy. The poor quality of raw material, directly and indirectly, causes treatment failure as the presence of insufficient dose, mislabeled content, and poor dissolution characteristics can lead to lower bioavailability. Identifying and reporting these factors can potentially help in improving the quality of drug marketed in various developing countries and may also reduce the incidences of treatment failure. Dissolution test is used for testing the dissolution profiles and the rate of drug release from solid formulation such as oral formulations, thus providing information regarding the in vivo performance of a formulation and its bioequivalence. On the other hand, quality-testing procedures are used for comparing the quality of products.
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spelling pubmed-67023322019-08-30 Levofloxacin: Insights Into Antibiotic Resistance and Product Quality Izadi, Ensieh Afshan, Gull Patel, Rahul P. Rao, Venkatesan M. Liew, Kai Bin Meor Mohd Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan Kifli, Nurolaini Suleiman, Amal Lee, Kah Seng Sarker, Md. Moklesur R. Zaidi, Syed Tabish Ming, Long Chiau Front Pharmacol Pharmacology Counterfeit and substandard medicines are recognized as one of serious threats to public health. The product quality of antibacterial medicine will compromise patients’ recovery and increase the chance of antibacterial resistance. The review aims to provide a summary of low quality levofloxacin issues and the risk factors as well as suggesting the aspects of product quality that need to be regulated strictly. Quality of the active ingredient, levofloxacin, has an important role to contribute to successful therapy. The poor quality of raw material, directly and indirectly, causes treatment failure as the presence of insufficient dose, mislabeled content, and poor dissolution characteristics can lead to lower bioavailability. Identifying and reporting these factors can potentially help in improving the quality of drug marketed in various developing countries and may also reduce the incidences of treatment failure. Dissolution test is used for testing the dissolution profiles and the rate of drug release from solid formulation such as oral formulations, thus providing information regarding the in vivo performance of a formulation and its bioequivalence. On the other hand, quality-testing procedures are used for comparing the quality of products. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6702332/ /pubmed/31474853 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00881 Text en Copyright © 2019 Izadi, Afshan, Patel, Rao, Liew, Meor Mohd Affandi, Kifli, Suleiman, Lee, Sarker, Zaidi and Ming http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Pharmacology
Izadi, Ensieh
Afshan, Gull
Patel, Rahul P.
Rao, Venkatesan M.
Liew, Kai Bin
Meor Mohd Affandi, Meor Mohd Redzuan
Kifli, Nurolaini
Suleiman, Amal
Lee, Kah Seng
Sarker, Md. Moklesur R.
Zaidi, Syed Tabish
Ming, Long Chiau
Levofloxacin: Insights Into Antibiotic Resistance and Product Quality
title Levofloxacin: Insights Into Antibiotic Resistance and Product Quality
title_full Levofloxacin: Insights Into Antibiotic Resistance and Product Quality
title_fullStr Levofloxacin: Insights Into Antibiotic Resistance and Product Quality
title_full_unstemmed Levofloxacin: Insights Into Antibiotic Resistance and Product Quality
title_short Levofloxacin: Insights Into Antibiotic Resistance and Product Quality
title_sort levofloxacin: insights into antibiotic resistance and product quality
topic Pharmacology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6702332/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31474853
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphar.2019.00881
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