Movements of the wrist and the risk of carpal tunnel syndrome: a nationwide cohort study using objective exposure measurements

OBJECTIVES: We conducted a large cohort study to investigate the association between work-related wrist movements and carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS). METHODS: Electro-goniometric measurements of wrist movements were performed for 30 jobs (eg, office work, child care, laundry work and slaughterhouse work). We measured wrist angular velocity, mean power frequency (MPF) and range of motion (ROM). We established a cohort of Danish citizens born 1940–1979 who held one of these jobs from age 18–80 years, using Danish national registers with annual employment information from 1992 to 2014. We updated the cohort by calendar year with job-specific and sex-specific means of measured exposures. Dates of a first diagnosis or operation because of CTS were retrieved from the Danish National Patient Register. The risk of CTS by quintiles of preceding exposure levels was assessed by adjusted incidence rate ratios (IRR(adj)) using Poisson regression models. RESULTS: We found a clear exposure–response association between wrist angular velocity and CTS with an IRR(adj) of 2.31 (95% CI 2.09 to 2.56) when exposed to the highest level compared with the lowest. MPF also showed an exposure–response pattern, although less clear, with an IRR(adj) of 1.83 (1.68 to 1.98) for the highest compared with the lowest exposure level. ROM showed no clear pattern. Exposure–response patterns were different for men and women. CONCLUSIONS: High levels of wrist movement were associated with an increased risk of CTS. Preventive strategies should be aimed at jobs with high levels of wrist movements such as cleaning, laundry work and slaughterhouse work.