The inflammatory cytokine profile of myelodysplastic syndromes: A meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Accumulating evidence has indicated that the dysregulation of immunological environment has an important role in the pathogenesis of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The previous studies about the levels of the inflammatory cytokines in MDS, such as TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17, have yielded controversial results. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis to assess the levels of these inflammatory cytokines in MDS. METHODS: A systematic search in PubMed, MEDLINE, Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, and CBM was conducted to find eligible studies. Meta-analyses were performed using STATA 12.0 for Windows. Heterogeneity between included studies was assessed by I(2) test. We chose SMD as the summary statistic. RESULTS: A total of 697 individuals from 11 studies were included in this study. Our results suggest the levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-8 were significantly higher in MDS patients compared with controls, SMD and 95%CI was 1.48 (0.60, 2.36), 0.71 (0.16, 1.25) and 0.69 (0.28, 1.09), respectively. Moreover, the levels of IL-17 have decreased in the high-risk MDS, the SMD and 95% CI was 2.96 (0.78, 5.15). CONCLUSION: A close association between immunological microenvironment disorders and the pathogenesis of MDS was revealed in this meta-analysis. More importantly, the profiles of inflammatory cytokines appear to change along the progression of the disease.