A diagnostic challenge of seromucinous borderline tumor: A case report

INTRODUCTION: Magnetic resonance (MR) relaxometry provides a noninvasive predictive tool to discriminate between benign ovarian endometrioma (OE) and endometriosis-associated ovarian cancer (EAOC). Transverse relaxation rate R2 value was determined using a single-voxel, multi-echo MR sequence (HISTO) by a 3T-MR system. R2 with cutoff value of 12.1 s(−1) was established to discriminate between benign and malignant tumors. PATIENT CONCERNS: We present a case of a 39-year-old woman who was initially thought to be malignant transformation of endometriosis by diagnostic MR imaging of the vascularized solid components. DIAGNOSIS: A R2 value of 42.62 s(−1) on MR relaxometry demonstrated that this case is non-malignant. INTERVENTIONS: To confirm the diagnose, left salpingo-oophorectomy by laparoscopic surgery was performed. OUTCOMES: Histopathological results revealed seromucinous borderline tumor (SMBT). Our experience suggests that preoperative MR relaxometry may be useful for discriminating “borderline (SMBT)” from “malignancy (EAOC).” Furthermore, immunohistochemical studies of this case demonstrated ovarian SMBT cells were positive for estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and hepatocyte nuclear factor-1beta. A similar expression pattern was also observed in patients with benign OE. LESSONS: In many respects, SMBT characteristics differ from those of EAOC but resemble those of benign OE. MR relaxometry unveils a new clinical approach as an adjunctive modality for discriminating SMBT from EAOC.