NLRP3 Inflammasome in the Pathophysiology of Hemorrhagic Stroke: A Review

Hemorrhagic stroke is a devastating disease with high morbidity and mortality. There is still a lack of effective ther-apeutic approach. The recent studies have shown that the innate immune system plays a significant role in hemorrhagic stroke. Microglia, as major components in innate immune system, are activated and then can release cytokines and chemo-kines in response to hemorrhagic stroke, and ultimately led to neuroinflammation and brain injury. The NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome is predominantly released by microglia and is believed as the main contributor of neuroinflammation. Several studies have focused on the role of NLRP3 inflammasome in hemorrhagic stroke-induced brain injury, however, the specific mechanism of NLRP3 activation and regulation remains unclear. This re-view summarized the mechanism of NLRP3 activation and its role in hemorrhagic stroke and discussed the translational sig-nificance.