Cargando…
Sex-differential reproduction success and selection on floral traits in gynodioecious Salvia pratensis
BACKGROUND: Gynodioecy, a sexual system with hermaphrodite and female individuals in a population, raises the question how the two sexual morphs are maintained. Salvia pratensis is a gynodioecious species featured by its modified stamens that act as a lever mechanism in pollination. Given sexual dim...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6712674/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31455268 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1972-y |
_version_ | 1783446724559241216 |
---|---|
author | Zhang, Bo Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine |
author_facet | Zhang, Bo Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine |
author_sort | Zhang, Bo |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Gynodioecy, a sexual system with hermaphrodite and female individuals in a population, raises the question how the two sexual morphs are maintained. Salvia pratensis is a gynodioecious species featured by its modified stamens that act as a lever mechanism in pollination. Given sexual dimorphism in floral traits of the species, it is predictable that two sexual morphs differ in their interplay with pollinators and thus in their fitness. In this study, we investigated sex-specific reproduction success and floral adaptation in a population of S. pratensis. RESULTS: We found that two sexual morphs in S. pratensis distinctly differed in their floral proportions. Female flowers fitted better to the pollinators than hermaphrodites in terms of touching the stigmas when being probed, and hence were more efficient in pollen deposition. Floral traits overall underwent stronger selection in the population, with stigma position and corolla length subject to disruptive selection mediated by different body-sized bumble bees; some selections on floral traits were significantly different in the strength, even opposite in the direction between two morphs. Flower production tended to be under correlational selection with floral structural traits, implying that a large plant with many flowers did not show an advantage in fitness unless its flower construction mechanically matched the pollinators well. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the pollinator-mediated selection likely played an important role in the evolution and maintenance of sexual dimorphism in the gynodioecious S. pratensis; and sex-divergent mechanical interaction with pollinators served as a critical mechanism by which female individuals were maintained in the population with a female advantage in pollen deposition efficiency (i.e. receiving pollen). |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6712674 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67126742019-08-29 Sex-differential reproduction success and selection on floral traits in gynodioecious Salvia pratensis Zhang, Bo Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine BMC Plant Biol Research Article BACKGROUND: Gynodioecy, a sexual system with hermaphrodite and female individuals in a population, raises the question how the two sexual morphs are maintained. Salvia pratensis is a gynodioecious species featured by its modified stamens that act as a lever mechanism in pollination. Given sexual dimorphism in floral traits of the species, it is predictable that two sexual morphs differ in their interplay with pollinators and thus in their fitness. In this study, we investigated sex-specific reproduction success and floral adaptation in a population of S. pratensis. RESULTS: We found that two sexual morphs in S. pratensis distinctly differed in their floral proportions. Female flowers fitted better to the pollinators than hermaphrodites in terms of touching the stigmas when being probed, and hence were more efficient in pollen deposition. Floral traits overall underwent stronger selection in the population, with stigma position and corolla length subject to disruptive selection mediated by different body-sized bumble bees; some selections on floral traits were significantly different in the strength, even opposite in the direction between two morphs. Flower production tended to be under correlational selection with floral structural traits, implying that a large plant with many flowers did not show an advantage in fitness unless its flower construction mechanically matched the pollinators well. CONCLUSIONS: In conclusion, the pollinator-mediated selection likely played an important role in the evolution and maintenance of sexual dimorphism in the gynodioecious S. pratensis; and sex-divergent mechanical interaction with pollinators served as a critical mechanism by which female individuals were maintained in the population with a female advantage in pollen deposition efficiency (i.e. receiving pollen). BioMed Central 2019-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6712674/ /pubmed/31455268 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1972-y Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Zhang, Bo Claßen-Bockhoff, Regine Sex-differential reproduction success and selection on floral traits in gynodioecious Salvia pratensis |
title | Sex-differential reproduction success and selection on floral traits in gynodioecious Salvia pratensis |
title_full | Sex-differential reproduction success and selection on floral traits in gynodioecious Salvia pratensis |
title_fullStr | Sex-differential reproduction success and selection on floral traits in gynodioecious Salvia pratensis |
title_full_unstemmed | Sex-differential reproduction success and selection on floral traits in gynodioecious Salvia pratensis |
title_short | Sex-differential reproduction success and selection on floral traits in gynodioecious Salvia pratensis |
title_sort | sex-differential reproduction success and selection on floral traits in gynodioecious salvia pratensis |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6712674/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31455268 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12870-019-1972-y |
work_keys_str_mv | AT zhangbo sexdifferentialreproductionsuccessandselectiononfloraltraitsingynodioecioussalviapratensis AT claßenbockhoffregine sexdifferentialreproductionsuccessandselectiononfloraltraitsingynodioecioussalviapratensis |