Dialysis Disequilibrium Syndrome: Rare Serious Complication of Hemodialysis and Effective Management

Dialysis disequilibrium syndrome (DDS) is an extremely rare central nervous system complication that occurs in patients receiving hemodialysis and can be potentially fatal. The prognosis is poor when this manifests with serious neurological manifestations like seizures and obtundation. Evidence in effective management is sparse. Herein, we present the case of a patient who developed seizures and altered mental status during hemodialysis. The patient successfully recovered with the administration of mannitol and 3% hypertonic saline without any long-term neurologic sequelae.