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The Meniscal Grammar Signs: Comma and Apostrophe Signs for Characterization of a Displaced Fragment in the Meniscal Recess

Vertical flap tears, or parrot beak flap tears, are oblique tears of the meniscus thought to originate as a central radial tear and propagate longitudinally towards the periphery, generating a partially detached unstable fragment that can subsequently displace into the meniscal recess. Although magn...

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Autores principales: Bassett, Ashley J., Hadley, Christopher J., Tjoumakaris, Fotios, Freedman, Kevin B.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Elsevier 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6713919/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31485399
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2019.03.008
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author Bassett, Ashley J.
Hadley, Christopher J.
Tjoumakaris, Fotios
Freedman, Kevin B.
author_facet Bassett, Ashley J.
Hadley, Christopher J.
Tjoumakaris, Fotios
Freedman, Kevin B.
author_sort Bassett, Ashley J.
collection PubMed
description Vertical flap tears, or parrot beak flap tears, are oblique tears of the meniscus thought to originate as a central radial tear and propagate longitudinally towards the periphery, generating a partially detached unstable fragment that can subsequently displace into the meniscal recess. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently used to diagnose and characterize meniscus pathology, imaging findings for displaced flap tears are not well described in the literature. The recently published meniscal comma sign describes inferior displacement of a meniscus flap tear into the meniscotibial recess that, when seen on MRI, resembles a comma. In the present article, we define the meniscal apostrophe sign, characterized by superior displacement of a meniscus flap tear into the meniscofemoral recess found on MRI. Displaced fragments in the meniscal recess are crucial to identify, as they often result in significant pain and mechanical symptoms related to tenting of the deep medial collateral ligament, which responds poorly to nonoperative treatment. Misdiagnosis of these unstable flap tears as degenerative meniscus extrusion or isolated progression of osteoarthritis can lead to a delay in treatment.
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spelling pubmed-67139192019-09-04 The Meniscal Grammar Signs: Comma and Apostrophe Signs for Characterization of a Displaced Fragment in the Meniscal Recess Bassett, Ashley J. Hadley, Christopher J. Tjoumakaris, Fotios Freedman, Kevin B. Arthrosc Tech Technical Note Vertical flap tears, or parrot beak flap tears, are oblique tears of the meniscus thought to originate as a central radial tear and propagate longitudinally towards the periphery, generating a partially detached unstable fragment that can subsequently displace into the meniscal recess. Although magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is frequently used to diagnose and characterize meniscus pathology, imaging findings for displaced flap tears are not well described in the literature. The recently published meniscal comma sign describes inferior displacement of a meniscus flap tear into the meniscotibial recess that, when seen on MRI, resembles a comma. In the present article, we define the meniscal apostrophe sign, characterized by superior displacement of a meniscus flap tear into the meniscofemoral recess found on MRI. Displaced fragments in the meniscal recess are crucial to identify, as they often result in significant pain and mechanical symptoms related to tenting of the deep medial collateral ligament, which responds poorly to nonoperative treatment. Misdiagnosis of these unstable flap tears as degenerative meniscus extrusion or isolated progression of osteoarthritis can lead to a delay in treatment. Elsevier 2019-07-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6713919/ /pubmed/31485399 http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2019.03.008 Text en © 2019 by the Arthroscopy Association of North America. Published by Elsevier. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).
spellingShingle Technical Note
Bassett, Ashley J.
Hadley, Christopher J.
Tjoumakaris, Fotios
Freedman, Kevin B.
The Meniscal Grammar Signs: Comma and Apostrophe Signs for Characterization of a Displaced Fragment in the Meniscal Recess
title The Meniscal Grammar Signs: Comma and Apostrophe Signs for Characterization of a Displaced Fragment in the Meniscal Recess
title_full The Meniscal Grammar Signs: Comma and Apostrophe Signs for Characterization of a Displaced Fragment in the Meniscal Recess
title_fullStr The Meniscal Grammar Signs: Comma and Apostrophe Signs for Characterization of a Displaced Fragment in the Meniscal Recess
title_full_unstemmed The Meniscal Grammar Signs: Comma and Apostrophe Signs for Characterization of a Displaced Fragment in the Meniscal Recess
title_short The Meniscal Grammar Signs: Comma and Apostrophe Signs for Characterization of a Displaced Fragment in the Meniscal Recess
title_sort meniscal grammar signs: comma and apostrophe signs for characterization of a displaced fragment in the meniscal recess
topic Technical Note
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6713919/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31485399
http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eats.2019.03.008
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