Performance and Stability Improvement of Layered NCM Lithium-Ion Batteries at High Voltage by a Microporous Al(2)O(3) Sol–Gel Coating

[Image: see text] A simple and low-cost polymer-aided sol–gel method was developed to prepare γ-Al(2)O(3) protective layers for LiNi(0.6)Co(0.2)Mn(0.2)O(2) (NCM622) cathode materials. The selected polyvinyl alcohol polymer additive not only facilitates the formation of a uniform and thin γ-Al(2)O(3) layer on the irregular and rough cathode particle surface to protect it from corrosion but also serves as a pore-forming agent to generate micropores in the film after sintering to allow fast transport of lithium ions, which guaranteed the excellent and stable battery performance at high working voltage. Detailed studies in the full battery mode showed that the leached corrosion species from the cathode had a more profound harmful effect to the graphite anode, which seemed to be the dominating factor that caused the battery performance decay.