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Interrogating Synaptic Architecture: Approaches for Labeling Organelles and Cytoskeleton Components

Synaptic transmission has been studied for decades, as a fundamental step in brain function. The structure of the synapse, and its changes during activity, turned out to be key aspects not only in the transfer of information between neurons, but also in cognitive processes such as learning and memor...

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Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Reshetniak, Sofiia, Rizzoli, Silvio O.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6716447/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31507402
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00023
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author Reshetniak, Sofiia
Rizzoli, Silvio O.
author_facet Reshetniak, Sofiia
Rizzoli, Silvio O.
author_sort Reshetniak, Sofiia
collection PubMed
description Synaptic transmission has been studied for decades, as a fundamental step in brain function. The structure of the synapse, and its changes during activity, turned out to be key aspects not only in the transfer of information between neurons, but also in cognitive processes such as learning and memory. The overall synaptic morphology has traditionally been studied by electron microscopy, which enables the visualization of synaptic structure in great detail. The changes in the organization of easily identified structures, such as the presynaptic active zone, or the postsynaptic density, are optimally studied via electron microscopy. However, few reliable methods are available for labeling individual organelles or protein complexes in electron microscopy. For such targets one typically relies either on combination of electron and fluorescence microscopy, or on super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. This review focuses on approaches and techniques used to specifically reveal synaptic organelles and protein complexes, such as cytoskeletal assemblies. We place the strongest emphasis on methods detecting the targets of interest by affinity binding, and we discuss the advantages and limitations of each method.
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spelling pubmed-67164472019-09-10 Interrogating Synaptic Architecture: Approaches for Labeling Organelles and Cytoskeleton Components Reshetniak, Sofiia Rizzoli, Silvio O. Front Synaptic Neurosci Neuroscience Synaptic transmission has been studied for decades, as a fundamental step in brain function. The structure of the synapse, and its changes during activity, turned out to be key aspects not only in the transfer of information between neurons, but also in cognitive processes such as learning and memory. The overall synaptic morphology has traditionally been studied by electron microscopy, which enables the visualization of synaptic structure in great detail. The changes in the organization of easily identified structures, such as the presynaptic active zone, or the postsynaptic density, are optimally studied via electron microscopy. However, few reliable methods are available for labeling individual organelles or protein complexes in electron microscopy. For such targets one typically relies either on combination of electron and fluorescence microscopy, or on super-resolution fluorescence microscopy. This review focuses on approaches and techniques used to specifically reveal synaptic organelles and protein complexes, such as cytoskeletal assemblies. We place the strongest emphasis on methods detecting the targets of interest by affinity binding, and we discuss the advantages and limitations of each method. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-08-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6716447/ /pubmed/31507402 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00023 Text en Copyright © 2019 Reshetniak and Rizzoli. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Neuroscience
Reshetniak, Sofiia
Rizzoli, Silvio O.
Interrogating Synaptic Architecture: Approaches for Labeling Organelles and Cytoskeleton Components
title Interrogating Synaptic Architecture: Approaches for Labeling Organelles and Cytoskeleton Components
title_full Interrogating Synaptic Architecture: Approaches for Labeling Organelles and Cytoskeleton Components
title_fullStr Interrogating Synaptic Architecture: Approaches for Labeling Organelles and Cytoskeleton Components
title_full_unstemmed Interrogating Synaptic Architecture: Approaches for Labeling Organelles and Cytoskeleton Components
title_short Interrogating Synaptic Architecture: Approaches for Labeling Organelles and Cytoskeleton Components
title_sort interrogating synaptic architecture: approaches for labeling organelles and cytoskeleton components
topic Neuroscience
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6716447/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31507402
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fnsyn.2019.00023
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