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Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical, nursing, and dental students and providers: a systematic review
BACKGROUND: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning (LGBTQ) individuals experience higher rates of health disparities. These disparities may be driven, in part, by biases of medical providers encountered in health care settings. Little is known about how medical, nursing, or dental stude...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
BioMed Central
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6716913/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31470837 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1727-3 |
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author | Morris, Matthew Cooper, Robert Lyle Ramesh, Aramandla Tabatabai, Mohammad Arcury, Thomas A. Shinn, Marybeth Im, Wansoo Juarez, Paul Matthews-Juarez, Patricia |
author_facet | Morris, Matthew Cooper, Robert Lyle Ramesh, Aramandla Tabatabai, Mohammad Arcury, Thomas A. Shinn, Marybeth Im, Wansoo Juarez, Paul Matthews-Juarez, Patricia |
author_sort | Morris, Matthew |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning (LGBTQ) individuals experience higher rates of health disparities. These disparities may be driven, in part, by biases of medical providers encountered in health care settings. Little is known about how medical, nursing, or dental students are trained to identify and reduce the effects of their own biases toward LGBTQ individuals. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of programs to reduce health care student or provider bias towards these LGBTQ patients. METHODS: The authors performed searches of online databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Ingenta, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) for original articles, published in English, between March 2005 and February 2017, describing intervention studies focused on reducing health care student or provider bias towards LGBTQ individuals. Data extracted included sample characteristics (i.e., medical, nursing, or dental students or providers), study design (i.e., pre-post intervention tests, qualitative), program format, program target (i.e., knowledge, comfort level, attitudes, implicit bias), and relevant outcomes. Study quality was assessed using a five-point scale. RESULTS: The search identified 639 abstracts addressing bias among medical, nursing, and dental students or providers; from these abstracts, 60 articles were identified as medical education programs to reduce bias; of these articles, 13 described programs to reduce bias towards LGBTQ patients. Bias-focused educational interventions were effective at increasing knowledge of LGBTQ health care issues. Experiential learning interventions were effective at increasing comfort levels working with LGBTQ patients. Intergroup contact was effective at promoting more tolerant attitudes toward LGBTQ patients. Despite promising support for bias education in increasing knowledge and comfort levels among medical, nursing, and dental students or providers towards LGBTQ persons, this systematic review did not identify any interventions that assessed changes in implicit bias among students or providers. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies for assessing and mitigating implicit bias towards LGBTQ patients are discussed and recommendations for medical, nursing, and dental school curricula are presented. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6716913 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | BioMed Central |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67169132019-09-04 Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical, nursing, and dental students and providers: a systematic review Morris, Matthew Cooper, Robert Lyle Ramesh, Aramandla Tabatabai, Mohammad Arcury, Thomas A. Shinn, Marybeth Im, Wansoo Juarez, Paul Matthews-Juarez, Patricia BMC Med Educ Research Article BACKGROUND: Lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender and questioning (LGBTQ) individuals experience higher rates of health disparities. These disparities may be driven, in part, by biases of medical providers encountered in health care settings. Little is known about how medical, nursing, or dental students are trained to identify and reduce the effects of their own biases toward LGBTQ individuals. Therefore, a systematic review was conducted to determine the effectiveness of programs to reduce health care student or provider bias towards these LGBTQ patients. METHODS: The authors performed searches of online databases (MEDLINE/PubMed, PsycINFO, Web of Science, Scopus, Ingenta, Science Direct, and Google Scholar) for original articles, published in English, between March 2005 and February 2017, describing intervention studies focused on reducing health care student or provider bias towards LGBTQ individuals. Data extracted included sample characteristics (i.e., medical, nursing, or dental students or providers), study design (i.e., pre-post intervention tests, qualitative), program format, program target (i.e., knowledge, comfort level, attitudes, implicit bias), and relevant outcomes. Study quality was assessed using a five-point scale. RESULTS: The search identified 639 abstracts addressing bias among medical, nursing, and dental students or providers; from these abstracts, 60 articles were identified as medical education programs to reduce bias; of these articles, 13 described programs to reduce bias towards LGBTQ patients. Bias-focused educational interventions were effective at increasing knowledge of LGBTQ health care issues. Experiential learning interventions were effective at increasing comfort levels working with LGBTQ patients. Intergroup contact was effective at promoting more tolerant attitudes toward LGBTQ patients. Despite promising support for bias education in increasing knowledge and comfort levels among medical, nursing, and dental students or providers towards LGBTQ persons, this systematic review did not identify any interventions that assessed changes in implicit bias among students or providers. CONCLUSIONS: Strategies for assessing and mitigating implicit bias towards LGBTQ patients are discussed and recommendations for medical, nursing, and dental school curricula are presented. BioMed Central 2019-08-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6716913/ /pubmed/31470837 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1727-3 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Morris, Matthew Cooper, Robert Lyle Ramesh, Aramandla Tabatabai, Mohammad Arcury, Thomas A. Shinn, Marybeth Im, Wansoo Juarez, Paul Matthews-Juarez, Patricia Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical, nursing, and dental students and providers: a systematic review |
title | Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical, nursing, and dental students and providers: a systematic review |
title_full | Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical, nursing, and dental students and providers: a systematic review |
title_fullStr | Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical, nursing, and dental students and providers: a systematic review |
title_full_unstemmed | Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical, nursing, and dental students and providers: a systematic review |
title_short | Training to reduce LGBTQ-related bias among medical, nursing, and dental students and providers: a systematic review |
title_sort | training to reduce lgbtq-related bias among medical, nursing, and dental students and providers: a systematic review |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6716913/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31470837 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12909-019-1727-3 |
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