Cargando…
A Wide-Band Digital Lock-In Amplifier and Its Application in Microfluidic Impedance Measurement
In this work, we report on the design of a wide-band digital lock-in amplifier (DLIA) of up to 65 MHz and its application for electrical impedance measurements in microfluidic devices. The DLIA is comprised of several dedicated technologies. First, it features a fully differential analog circuit, wh...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6719078/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31405249 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163519 |
_version_ | 1783447859161464832 |
---|---|
author | Huang, Kan Geng, Yangye Zhang, Xibin Chen, Dihu Cai, Zhigang Wang, Min Zhu, Zhen Wang, Zixin |
author_facet | Huang, Kan Geng, Yangye Zhang, Xibin Chen, Dihu Cai, Zhigang Wang, Min Zhu, Zhen Wang, Zixin |
author_sort | Huang, Kan |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this work, we report on the design of a wide-band digital lock-in amplifier (DLIA) of up to 65 MHz and its application for electrical impedance measurements in microfluidic devices. The DLIA is comprised of several dedicated technologies. First, it features a fully differential analog circuit, which includes a preamplifier with a low input noise of 4.4 nV/√Hz, a programmable-gain amplifier with a gain of 52 dB, and an anti-aliasing, fully differential low-pass filter with −76 dB stop-band attenuation. Second, the DLIA has an all-digital phase lock loop, which features a phase deviation of less than 0.02° throughout the frequency range. The phase lock loop utilizes an equally accurate period-frequency measurement, with a sub-ppm precision of frequency detection. Third, a modified clock link is implemented in the DLIA to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the analog-to-digital converter affected by clock jitter of up to 20 dBc. A series of measurements were performed to characterize the DLIA, and the results showed an accurate performance. Additionally, impedance measurements of standard-size microparticles were performed by frequency sweep from 300 kHz to 30 MHz, using the DLIA in a microfluidic device. Different diameters of microparticle could be accurately distinguished according to the relative impedance at 2.5 MHz. The results confirm the promising applications of the DLIA in microfluidic electrical impedance measurements. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6719078 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67190782019-09-10 A Wide-Band Digital Lock-In Amplifier and Its Application in Microfluidic Impedance Measurement Huang, Kan Geng, Yangye Zhang, Xibin Chen, Dihu Cai, Zhigang Wang, Min Zhu, Zhen Wang, Zixin Sensors (Basel) Article In this work, we report on the design of a wide-band digital lock-in amplifier (DLIA) of up to 65 MHz and its application for electrical impedance measurements in microfluidic devices. The DLIA is comprised of several dedicated technologies. First, it features a fully differential analog circuit, which includes a preamplifier with a low input noise of 4.4 nV/√Hz, a programmable-gain amplifier with a gain of 52 dB, and an anti-aliasing, fully differential low-pass filter with −76 dB stop-band attenuation. Second, the DLIA has an all-digital phase lock loop, which features a phase deviation of less than 0.02° throughout the frequency range. The phase lock loop utilizes an equally accurate period-frequency measurement, with a sub-ppm precision of frequency detection. Third, a modified clock link is implemented in the DLIA to improve the signal-to-noise ratio of the analog-to-digital converter affected by clock jitter of up to 20 dBc. A series of measurements were performed to characterize the DLIA, and the results showed an accurate performance. Additionally, impedance measurements of standard-size microparticles were performed by frequency sweep from 300 kHz to 30 MHz, using the DLIA in a microfluidic device. Different diameters of microparticle could be accurately distinguished according to the relative impedance at 2.5 MHz. The results confirm the promising applications of the DLIA in microfluidic electrical impedance measurements. MDPI 2019-08-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6719078/ /pubmed/31405249 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163519 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Huang, Kan Geng, Yangye Zhang, Xibin Chen, Dihu Cai, Zhigang Wang, Min Zhu, Zhen Wang, Zixin A Wide-Band Digital Lock-In Amplifier and Its Application in Microfluidic Impedance Measurement |
title | A Wide-Band Digital Lock-In Amplifier and Its Application in Microfluidic Impedance Measurement |
title_full | A Wide-Band Digital Lock-In Amplifier and Its Application in Microfluidic Impedance Measurement |
title_fullStr | A Wide-Band Digital Lock-In Amplifier and Its Application in Microfluidic Impedance Measurement |
title_full_unstemmed | A Wide-Band Digital Lock-In Amplifier and Its Application in Microfluidic Impedance Measurement |
title_short | A Wide-Band Digital Lock-In Amplifier and Its Application in Microfluidic Impedance Measurement |
title_sort | wide-band digital lock-in amplifier and its application in microfluidic impedance measurement |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6719078/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31405249 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163519 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT huangkan awidebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT gengyangye awidebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT zhangxibin awidebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT chendihu awidebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT caizhigang awidebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT wangmin awidebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT zhuzhen awidebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT wangzixin awidebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT huangkan widebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT gengyangye widebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT zhangxibin widebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT chendihu widebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT caizhigang widebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT wangmin widebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT zhuzhen widebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement AT wangzixin widebanddigitallockinamplifieranditsapplicationinmicrofluidicimpedancemeasurement |