Clinical Significance of Ductus Venosus Waveform as Generated by Pressure-volume Changes in the Fetal Heart

The ductus venosus is a vascular shunt situated within the fetal liver parenchyma, connect-ing the umbilical vein to the inferior vena cava. This vessel acts as a bypass of the liver microcircula-tion and plays a critical role in the fetal circulation. The ductus venosus allows oxygenated and nutri-ent-rich venous blood to flow from the placenta to the myocardium and brain. Increased impedance to flow in the fetal ductus venosus is associated with fetal aneuploidies, cardiac defects and other ad-verse pregnancy outcomes. This review serves to improve our understanding of the mechanisms that regulate the blood flow redistribution between the fetal liver circulation and fetal heart and the clinical significance of the ductus venosus waveform as generated by pressure-volume changes in the fetal heart.