Cargando…

The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis

Radiation therapy is one of the most important treatment modalities for thoracic tumors. Despite significant advances in radiation techniques, radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) still occurs in up to 30% of patients undergoing thoracic radiotherapy, and therefore remains the main dose-limiting obs...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Zanoni, Michele, Cortesi, Michela, Zamagni, Alice, Tesei, Anna
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6719901/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31398940
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163876
_version_ 1783448006294503424
author Zanoni, Michele
Cortesi, Michela
Zamagni, Alice
Tesei, Anna
author_facet Zanoni, Michele
Cortesi, Michela
Zamagni, Alice
Tesei, Anna
author_sort Zanoni, Michele
collection PubMed
description Radiation therapy is one of the most important treatment modalities for thoracic tumors. Despite significant advances in radiation techniques, radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) still occurs in up to 30% of patients undergoing thoracic radiotherapy, and therefore remains the main dose-limiting obstacle. RILI is a potentially lethal clinical complication of radiotherapy that has 2 main stages: an acute stage defined as radiation pneumonitis, and a late stage defined as radiation-induced lung fibrosis. Patients who develop lung fibrosis have a reduced quality of life with progressive and irreversible organ malfunction. Currently, the most effective intervention for the treatment of lung fibrosis is lung transplantation, but the lack of available lungs and transplantation-related complications severely limits the success of this procedure. Over the last few decades, advances have been reported in the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for lung tissue repair and regeneration. MSCs not only replace damaged lung epithelial cells but also promote tissue repair through the secretion of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic factors. Here, we present an overview of MSC-based therapy for radiation-induced lung fibrosis, focusing in particular on the molecular mechanisms involved and describing the most recent preclinical and clinical studies carried out in the field.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6719901
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher MDPI
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-67199012019-09-10 The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis Zanoni, Michele Cortesi, Michela Zamagni, Alice Tesei, Anna Int J Mol Sci Review Radiation therapy is one of the most important treatment modalities for thoracic tumors. Despite significant advances in radiation techniques, radiation-induced lung injury (RILI) still occurs in up to 30% of patients undergoing thoracic radiotherapy, and therefore remains the main dose-limiting obstacle. RILI is a potentially lethal clinical complication of radiotherapy that has 2 main stages: an acute stage defined as radiation pneumonitis, and a late stage defined as radiation-induced lung fibrosis. Patients who develop lung fibrosis have a reduced quality of life with progressive and irreversible organ malfunction. Currently, the most effective intervention for the treatment of lung fibrosis is lung transplantation, but the lack of available lungs and transplantation-related complications severely limits the success of this procedure. Over the last few decades, advances have been reported in the use of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) for lung tissue repair and regeneration. MSCs not only replace damaged lung epithelial cells but also promote tissue repair through the secretion of anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic factors. Here, we present an overview of MSC-based therapy for radiation-induced lung fibrosis, focusing in particular on the molecular mechanisms involved and describing the most recent preclinical and clinical studies carried out in the field. MDPI 2019-08-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6719901/ /pubmed/31398940 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163876 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Review
Zanoni, Michele
Cortesi, Michela
Zamagni, Alice
Tesei, Anna
The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis
title The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis
title_full The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis
title_fullStr The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis
title_full_unstemmed The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis
title_short The Role of Mesenchymal Stem Cells in Radiation-Induced Lung Fibrosis
title_sort role of mesenchymal stem cells in radiation-induced lung fibrosis
topic Review
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6719901/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31398940
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms20163876
work_keys_str_mv AT zanonimichele theroleofmesenchymalstemcellsinradiationinducedlungfibrosis
AT cortesimichela theroleofmesenchymalstemcellsinradiationinducedlungfibrosis
AT zamagnialice theroleofmesenchymalstemcellsinradiationinducedlungfibrosis
AT teseianna theroleofmesenchymalstemcellsinradiationinducedlungfibrosis
AT zanonimichele roleofmesenchymalstemcellsinradiationinducedlungfibrosis
AT cortesimichela roleofmesenchymalstemcellsinradiationinducedlungfibrosis
AT zamagnialice roleofmesenchymalstemcellsinradiationinducedlungfibrosis
AT teseianna roleofmesenchymalstemcellsinradiationinducedlungfibrosis