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Analysis of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in grape berry exocarp (Vitis vinifera L.) using in vivo-labeling and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC×GC–MS)
Sesquiterpenes are structurally diverse, potent flavoring substances that significantly influence the aroma profile of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) at the time of physiological ripening. To investigate these natural compounds, freshly harvested, ripe berries of the red wine variety Lemberger (Vitis vi...
Autores principales: | , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Beilstein-Institut
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6720654/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31501661 http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.190 |
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author | Könen, Philipp P Wüst, Matthias |
author_facet | Könen, Philipp P Wüst, Matthias |
author_sort | Könen, Philipp P |
collection | PubMed |
description | Sesquiterpenes are structurally diverse, potent flavoring substances that significantly influence the aroma profile of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) at the time of physiological ripening. To investigate these natural compounds, freshly harvested, ripe berries of the red wine variety Lemberger (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera L.) were analyzed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF–MS) after headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The identification of structurally complex natural compounds, such as sesquiterpenes from fruits and vegetables, is often reported as “tentative”, as authentic standards are not commercially available for most of the analytes. For this reason, feeding experiments (in vivo labeling) were carried out using the stable isotope-labeled precursors [5,5-(2)H(2)]-1-deoxy-ᴅ-xylulose (d(2)-DOX) and [6,6,6-(2)H(3)]-(±)-mevalonolactone (d(3)-MVL) to clearly identify the volatiles. Based on the recorded mass spectra of the unlabeled and deuterated compounds, mechanisms for sesquiterpene formation in V. vinifera could be proposed and already known pathways could be confirmed or disproved. For example, the HS-SPME–GC×GC–TOF–MS measurements of fed sample material showed that the tricyclic sesquiterpene hydrocarbons α-copaene, β-copaene, α-cubebene, β-cubebene and the bicyclic δ-cadinene were biosynthesized via (S)-(−)-germacrene D rather than via (R)-(+)-germacrene D as intermediate. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6720654 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Beilstein-Institut |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67206542019-09-09 Analysis of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in grape berry exocarp (Vitis vinifera L.) using in vivo-labeling and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC×GC–MS) Könen, Philipp P Wüst, Matthias Beilstein J Org Chem Full Research Paper Sesquiterpenes are structurally diverse, potent flavoring substances that significantly influence the aroma profile of grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) at the time of physiological ripening. To investigate these natural compounds, freshly harvested, ripe berries of the red wine variety Lemberger (Vitis vinifera subsp. vinifera L.) were analyzed using comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography (GC×GC) coupled to a time-of-flight mass spectrometer (TOF–MS) after headspace-solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The identification of structurally complex natural compounds, such as sesquiterpenes from fruits and vegetables, is often reported as “tentative”, as authentic standards are not commercially available for most of the analytes. For this reason, feeding experiments (in vivo labeling) were carried out using the stable isotope-labeled precursors [5,5-(2)H(2)]-1-deoxy-ᴅ-xylulose (d(2)-DOX) and [6,6,6-(2)H(3)]-(±)-mevalonolactone (d(3)-MVL) to clearly identify the volatiles. Based on the recorded mass spectra of the unlabeled and deuterated compounds, mechanisms for sesquiterpene formation in V. vinifera could be proposed and already known pathways could be confirmed or disproved. For example, the HS-SPME–GC×GC–TOF–MS measurements of fed sample material showed that the tricyclic sesquiterpene hydrocarbons α-copaene, β-copaene, α-cubebene, β-cubebene and the bicyclic δ-cadinene were biosynthesized via (S)-(−)-germacrene D rather than via (R)-(+)-germacrene D as intermediate. Beilstein-Institut 2019-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6720654/ /pubmed/31501661 http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.190 Text en Copyright © 2019, Könen and Wüst https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc/termsThis is an Open Access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0). Please note that the reuse, redistribution and reproduction in particular requires that the authors and source are credited. The license is subject to the Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry terms and conditions: (https://www.beilstein-journals.org/bjoc/terms) |
spellingShingle | Full Research Paper Könen, Philipp P Wüst, Matthias Analysis of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in grape berry exocarp (Vitis vinifera L.) using in vivo-labeling and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC×GC–MS) |
title | Analysis of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in grape berry exocarp (Vitis vinifera L.) using in vivo-labeling and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC×GC–MS) |
title_full | Analysis of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in grape berry exocarp (Vitis vinifera L.) using in vivo-labeling and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC×GC–MS) |
title_fullStr | Analysis of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in grape berry exocarp (Vitis vinifera L.) using in vivo-labeling and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC×GC–MS) |
title_full_unstemmed | Analysis of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in grape berry exocarp (Vitis vinifera L.) using in vivo-labeling and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC×GC–MS) |
title_short | Analysis of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in grape berry exocarp (Vitis vinifera L.) using in vivo-labeling and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC×GC–MS) |
title_sort | analysis of sesquiterpene hydrocarbons in grape berry exocarp (vitis vinifera l.) using in vivo-labeling and comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (gc×gc–ms) |
topic | Full Research Paper |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6720654/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31501661 http://dx.doi.org/10.3762/bjoc.15.190 |
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