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Smoke Obscuration Measurements in Reduced-Scale Fire Modelling Based on Froude Number Similarity
A common method for investigating various fire- and smoke-related phenoma is a reduced-scale fire modelling that uses the conservation concept of Froude number as its primary similarity criterion. Smoke obscuration measurements were not commonly used in this approach. In this paper, we propose a new...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6721433/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31434342 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163628 |
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author | Węgrzyński, Wojciech Antosiewicz, Piotr Burdzy, Tomasz Zimny, Mateusz Krasuski, Adam |
author_facet | Węgrzyński, Wojciech Antosiewicz, Piotr Burdzy, Tomasz Zimny, Mateusz Krasuski, Adam |
author_sort | Węgrzyński, Wojciech |
collection | PubMed |
description | A common method for investigating various fire- and smoke-related phenoma is a reduced-scale fire modelling that uses the conservation concept of Froude number as its primary similarity criterion. Smoke obscuration measurements were not commonly used in this approach. In this paper, we propose a new type of optical densitometer that allows for smoke obscuration density measurements on a reduced-scale. This device uses a set of mirrors to increase the optical path length, so that the device may follow the geometrical scale of the model, but that still measures smoke obscuration as if it were in full scale. The principle of operation is based on the Bougher-Lambert-Beer law, with modifications related to the Froude number-based scaling principles, to streamline the measurements. The proposed low-budget (< $1000) device was built, calibrated with a set of the reference optical filters, and used in a series of full- (1:1) and reduced-scale (1:4) experiments with n-Heptane fires in a small compartment. The main limitation of this study is the assumption that there is similar soot production in full- and reduced-scale fires, which may not be true for many Froude-number scaling applications. Therefore, it must be investigated in a case-by-case basis. In our case, the results are promising. The measured obscuration in the reduced-scale had a 10% error versus averaged measurements in full-scale measurements. Moreover, there were well represented transient changes of the smoke layer optical density during the combustion and after the smoke layer settled. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6721433 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67214332019-09-10 Smoke Obscuration Measurements in Reduced-Scale Fire Modelling Based on Froude Number Similarity Węgrzyński, Wojciech Antosiewicz, Piotr Burdzy, Tomasz Zimny, Mateusz Krasuski, Adam Sensors (Basel) Article A common method for investigating various fire- and smoke-related phenoma is a reduced-scale fire modelling that uses the conservation concept of Froude number as its primary similarity criterion. Smoke obscuration measurements were not commonly used in this approach. In this paper, we propose a new type of optical densitometer that allows for smoke obscuration density measurements on a reduced-scale. This device uses a set of mirrors to increase the optical path length, so that the device may follow the geometrical scale of the model, but that still measures smoke obscuration as if it were in full scale. The principle of operation is based on the Bougher-Lambert-Beer law, with modifications related to the Froude number-based scaling principles, to streamline the measurements. The proposed low-budget (< $1000) device was built, calibrated with a set of the reference optical filters, and used in a series of full- (1:1) and reduced-scale (1:4) experiments with n-Heptane fires in a small compartment. The main limitation of this study is the assumption that there is similar soot production in full- and reduced-scale fires, which may not be true for many Froude-number scaling applications. Therefore, it must be investigated in a case-by-case basis. In our case, the results are promising. The measured obscuration in the reduced-scale had a 10% error versus averaged measurements in full-scale measurements. Moreover, there were well represented transient changes of the smoke layer optical density during the combustion and after the smoke layer settled. MDPI 2019-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6721433/ /pubmed/31434342 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163628 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Węgrzyński, Wojciech Antosiewicz, Piotr Burdzy, Tomasz Zimny, Mateusz Krasuski, Adam Smoke Obscuration Measurements in Reduced-Scale Fire Modelling Based on Froude Number Similarity |
title | Smoke Obscuration Measurements in Reduced-Scale Fire Modelling Based on Froude Number Similarity |
title_full | Smoke Obscuration Measurements in Reduced-Scale Fire Modelling Based on Froude Number Similarity |
title_fullStr | Smoke Obscuration Measurements in Reduced-Scale Fire Modelling Based on Froude Number Similarity |
title_full_unstemmed | Smoke Obscuration Measurements in Reduced-Scale Fire Modelling Based on Froude Number Similarity |
title_short | Smoke Obscuration Measurements in Reduced-Scale Fire Modelling Based on Froude Number Similarity |
title_sort | smoke obscuration measurements in reduced-scale fire modelling based on froude number similarity |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6721433/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31434342 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s19163628 |
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