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Blood Cadmium Level Is Associated with Short Progression-Free Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma
The prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is poor with disease progression. Cadmium exposure is a risk factor for NPC. We aimed to investigate the effect of cadmium exposure, by measuring cadmium level, and clinicopathologic factors on NPC disease progression and prognosis. A total of 134 NPC...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6721767/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31426367 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162952 |
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author | Du, Taifeng Huang, Wenlong Zheng, Shukai Bao, Mian Huang, Yuanni Li, Anna He, Meirong Wu, Kusheng |
author_facet | Du, Taifeng Huang, Wenlong Zheng, Shukai Bao, Mian Huang, Yuanni Li, Anna He, Meirong Wu, Kusheng |
author_sort | Du, Taifeng |
collection | PubMed |
description | The prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is poor with disease progression. Cadmium exposure is a risk factor for NPC. We aimed to investigate the effect of cadmium exposure, by measuring cadmium level, and clinicopathologic factors on NPC disease progression and prognosis. A total of 134 NPC cases were analyzed and venous blood samples were collected. Blood cadmium level was analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Clinical data were collected at baseline for patients and tumor characteristics from medical records. Progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed during follow-up. The effect of cadmium exposure and clinical factors on PFS was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression models. Blood cadmium level was associated with history of disease and smoking history and pack-years. On Kaplan–Meier analysis, a high blood cadmium level, male sex, smoking history and increasing pack-years, as well as advanced clinical stage were all associated with short PFS. On multivariate analysis, blood cadmium level was an independent risk factor and predictor of NPC prognosis and disease progression. Cadmium exposure and related clinical factors can affect the prognosis of NPC, which merits further study to clarify. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6721767 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67217672019-09-10 Blood Cadmium Level Is Associated with Short Progression-Free Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Du, Taifeng Huang, Wenlong Zheng, Shukai Bao, Mian Huang, Yuanni Li, Anna He, Meirong Wu, Kusheng Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The prognosis of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) is poor with disease progression. Cadmium exposure is a risk factor for NPC. We aimed to investigate the effect of cadmium exposure, by measuring cadmium level, and clinicopathologic factors on NPC disease progression and prognosis. A total of 134 NPC cases were analyzed and venous blood samples were collected. Blood cadmium level was analyzed by graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Clinical data were collected at baseline for patients and tumor characteristics from medical records. Progression-free survival (PFS) was analyzed during follow-up. The effect of cadmium exposure and clinical factors on PFS was analyzed by the Kaplan–Meier method and Cox regression models. Blood cadmium level was associated with history of disease and smoking history and pack-years. On Kaplan–Meier analysis, a high blood cadmium level, male sex, smoking history and increasing pack-years, as well as advanced clinical stage were all associated with short PFS. On multivariate analysis, blood cadmium level was an independent risk factor and predictor of NPC prognosis and disease progression. Cadmium exposure and related clinical factors can affect the prognosis of NPC, which merits further study to clarify. MDPI 2019-08-16 2019-08 /pmc/articles/PMC6721767/ /pubmed/31426367 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162952 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Du, Taifeng Huang, Wenlong Zheng, Shukai Bao, Mian Huang, Yuanni Li, Anna He, Meirong Wu, Kusheng Blood Cadmium Level Is Associated with Short Progression-Free Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma |
title | Blood Cadmium Level Is Associated with Short Progression-Free Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma |
title_full | Blood Cadmium Level Is Associated with Short Progression-Free Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma |
title_fullStr | Blood Cadmium Level Is Associated with Short Progression-Free Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma |
title_full_unstemmed | Blood Cadmium Level Is Associated with Short Progression-Free Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma |
title_short | Blood Cadmium Level Is Associated with Short Progression-Free Survival in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma |
title_sort | blood cadmium level is associated with short progression-free survival in nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6721767/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31426367 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16162952 |
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