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Identification of Dietary Patterns Associated with Incidence of Hyperglycemia in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults

Little is known about the association between dietary patterns and hyperglycemia incidence among Korean adults. Hence, we aimed to prospectively investigate the major dietary patterns associated with hyperglycemia among middle-aged and older Korean adults. In total, 55,457 adults (18,292 men and 37,...

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Autores principales: Lee, Kyung Won, Woo, Hae Dong, Cho, Mi Jin, Park, Jae Kyung, Kim, Sung Soo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723075/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31382699
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081801
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author Lee, Kyung Won
Woo, Hae Dong
Cho, Mi Jin
Park, Jae Kyung
Kim, Sung Soo
author_facet Lee, Kyung Won
Woo, Hae Dong
Cho, Mi Jin
Park, Jae Kyung
Kim, Sung Soo
author_sort Lee, Kyung Won
collection PubMed
description Little is known about the association between dietary patterns and hyperglycemia incidence among Korean adults. Hence, we aimed to prospectively investigate the major dietary patterns associated with hyperglycemia among middle-aged and older Korean adults. In total, 55,457 adults (18,292 men and 37,165 women) aged 40 to 79 years, who were previously enrolled in the Health Examinee Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study and had no history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or cancer at baseline, were included. Dietary patterns were identified by a factor analysis based on dietary data, which were assessed at baseline using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Participants were classified as having hyperglycemia if fasting blood glucose levels were ≥126 mg/dL or physician diagnosed T2DM during follow-up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the associations between each dietary pattern and future hyperglycemia risk after adjusting for potential confounders. After a mean follow-up of 4.9 years, 2574 new cases of hyperglycemia were identified. Using a factor analysis, four distinct dietary patterns were identified: “prudent;” “fatty fish, meat, and flour-based food;” “coffee and sweets;” and “whole grain (men)” or “white rice (women).” The “prudent” pattern was inversely associated with hyperglycemia risk only in women (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.89; p for trend = 0.0003). Conversely, women in the highest quintile of the “fatty fish, meat, and flour-based food” pattern showed an increased risk of hyperglycemia (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.03–1.44; p for trend = 0.0210) compared with those in the lowest quintile. The “coffee and sweets” and “white rice” patterns were not associated with hyperglycemia risk in women. The dietary patterns observed in men had no associations with hyperglycemia incidence. Our findings suggest that a diet rich in vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, fruits, and soy products and low in fatty fish and high-fat meat may potentially play a protective role in T2DM development with sex differences in middle-aged and older Korean adults.
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spelling pubmed-67230752019-09-10 Identification of Dietary Patterns Associated with Incidence of Hyperglycemia in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults Lee, Kyung Won Woo, Hae Dong Cho, Mi Jin Park, Jae Kyung Kim, Sung Soo Nutrients Article Little is known about the association between dietary patterns and hyperglycemia incidence among Korean adults. Hence, we aimed to prospectively investigate the major dietary patterns associated with hyperglycemia among middle-aged and older Korean adults. In total, 55,457 adults (18,292 men and 37,165 women) aged 40 to 79 years, who were previously enrolled in the Health Examinee Study of the Korean Genome and Epidemiology Study and had no history of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or cancer at baseline, were included. Dietary patterns were identified by a factor analysis based on dietary data, which were assessed at baseline using a validated food-frequency questionnaire. Participants were classified as having hyperglycemia if fasting blood glucose levels were ≥126 mg/dL or physician diagnosed T2DM during follow-up. Multivariable Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine the associations between each dietary pattern and future hyperglycemia risk after adjusting for potential confounders. After a mean follow-up of 4.9 years, 2574 new cases of hyperglycemia were identified. Using a factor analysis, four distinct dietary patterns were identified: “prudent;” “fatty fish, meat, and flour-based food;” “coffee and sweets;” and “whole grain (men)” or “white rice (women).” The “prudent” pattern was inversely associated with hyperglycemia risk only in women (hazard ratio [HR], 0.75; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.63–0.89; p for trend = 0.0003). Conversely, women in the highest quintile of the “fatty fish, meat, and flour-based food” pattern showed an increased risk of hyperglycemia (HR, 1.22; 95% CI, 1.03–1.44; p for trend = 0.0210) compared with those in the lowest quintile. The “coffee and sweets” and “white rice” patterns were not associated with hyperglycemia risk in women. The dietary patterns observed in men had no associations with hyperglycemia incidence. Our findings suggest that a diet rich in vegetables, mushrooms, seaweeds, fruits, and soy products and low in fatty fish and high-fat meat may potentially play a protective role in T2DM development with sex differences in middle-aged and older Korean adults. MDPI 2019-08-04 /pmc/articles/PMC6723075/ /pubmed/31382699 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081801 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lee, Kyung Won
Woo, Hae Dong
Cho, Mi Jin
Park, Jae Kyung
Kim, Sung Soo
Identification of Dietary Patterns Associated with Incidence of Hyperglycemia in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults
title Identification of Dietary Patterns Associated with Incidence of Hyperglycemia in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults
title_full Identification of Dietary Patterns Associated with Incidence of Hyperglycemia in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults
title_fullStr Identification of Dietary Patterns Associated with Incidence of Hyperglycemia in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults
title_full_unstemmed Identification of Dietary Patterns Associated with Incidence of Hyperglycemia in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults
title_short Identification of Dietary Patterns Associated with Incidence of Hyperglycemia in Middle-Aged and Older Korean Adults
title_sort identification of dietary patterns associated with incidence of hyperglycemia in middle-aged and older korean adults
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723075/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31382699
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081801
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