Cargando…
Morphological and Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Awn Development in Monocotyledonous Grasses
The identification of biological mechanisms underlying the development of complex quantitative traits, including those that contribute to plant architecture, yield and quality potential, and seed dispersal, is a major focus in the evolutionary biology and plant breeding. The awn, a bristle-like exte...
Autores principales: | , |
---|---|
Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
|
Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723108/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31366144 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10080573 |
_version_ | 1783448692175405056 |
---|---|
author | Ntakirutimana, Fabrice Xie, Wengang |
author_facet | Ntakirutimana, Fabrice Xie, Wengang |
author_sort | Ntakirutimana, Fabrice |
collection | PubMed |
description | The identification of biological mechanisms underlying the development of complex quantitative traits, including those that contribute to plant architecture, yield and quality potential, and seed dispersal, is a major focus in the evolutionary biology and plant breeding. The awn, a bristle-like extension from the lemma in the floret, is one of the distinct morphological and physiological traits in grass species. Awns are taught as an evolutionary trait assisting seed dispersal and germination and increasing photosynthesis. Awn development seems to be complex process, involving dramatic phenotypic and molecular changes. Although recent advances investigated the underlying morphological and molecular genetic factors of awn development, there is little agreement about how these factors interact during awn formation and how this interaction affects variation of awn morphology. Consequently, the developmental sequence of the awn is not yet well understood. Here, we review awn morphological and histological features, awn development pathways, and molecular processes of awn development. We argue that morphological and molecular genetic mechanisms of awn development previously studied in major cereal crops, such as barley, wheat, and rice, offered intriguing insights helping to characterize this process in a comparative approach. Applying such an approach will aid to deeply understand factors involved in awn development in grass species. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6723108 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67231082019-09-10 Morphological and Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Awn Development in Monocotyledonous Grasses Ntakirutimana, Fabrice Xie, Wengang Genes (Basel) Review The identification of biological mechanisms underlying the development of complex quantitative traits, including those that contribute to plant architecture, yield and quality potential, and seed dispersal, is a major focus in the evolutionary biology and plant breeding. The awn, a bristle-like extension from the lemma in the floret, is one of the distinct morphological and physiological traits in grass species. Awns are taught as an evolutionary trait assisting seed dispersal and germination and increasing photosynthesis. Awn development seems to be complex process, involving dramatic phenotypic and molecular changes. Although recent advances investigated the underlying morphological and molecular genetic factors of awn development, there is little agreement about how these factors interact during awn formation and how this interaction affects variation of awn morphology. Consequently, the developmental sequence of the awn is not yet well understood. Here, we review awn morphological and histological features, awn development pathways, and molecular processes of awn development. We argue that morphological and molecular genetic mechanisms of awn development previously studied in major cereal crops, such as barley, wheat, and rice, offered intriguing insights helping to characterize this process in a comparative approach. Applying such an approach will aid to deeply understand factors involved in awn development in grass species. MDPI 2019-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6723108/ /pubmed/31366144 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10080573 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Review Ntakirutimana, Fabrice Xie, Wengang Morphological and Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Awn Development in Monocotyledonous Grasses |
title | Morphological and Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Awn Development in Monocotyledonous Grasses |
title_full | Morphological and Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Awn Development in Monocotyledonous Grasses |
title_fullStr | Morphological and Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Awn Development in Monocotyledonous Grasses |
title_full_unstemmed | Morphological and Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Awn Development in Monocotyledonous Grasses |
title_short | Morphological and Genetic Mechanisms Underlying Awn Development in Monocotyledonous Grasses |
title_sort | morphological and genetic mechanisms underlying awn development in monocotyledonous grasses |
topic | Review |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723108/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31366144 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/genes10080573 |
work_keys_str_mv | AT ntakirutimanafabrice morphologicalandgeneticmechanismsunderlyingawndevelopmentinmonocotyledonousgrasses AT xiewengang morphologicalandgeneticmechanismsunderlyingawndevelopmentinmonocotyledonousgrasses |