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Preparation and Coagulation Performance of Carboxypropylated and Carboxypentylated Lignosulfonates for Dye Removal
In this work, 1-carboxypropyled (1-CPRLS) and 5-carboxypentyled lignosulfonates (5-CPELS) were synthesized using 2-chlorobutanoic acid and 6-chlorohexanoic acid as carboxylate group donors via S(N)1 and S(N)2 mechanisms, respectively. 1-Carboxypropyl and 5-carboxypentyl lignosulfonates with the char...
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
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MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723465/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31434221 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9080383 |
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author | Bahrpaima, Khatereh Fatehi, Pedram |
author_facet | Bahrpaima, Khatereh Fatehi, Pedram |
author_sort | Bahrpaima, Khatereh |
collection | PubMed |
description | In this work, 1-carboxypropyled (1-CPRLS) and 5-carboxypentyled lignosulfonates (5-CPELS) were synthesized using 2-chlorobutanoic acid and 6-chlorohexanoic acid as carboxylate group donors via S(N)1 and S(N)2 mechanisms, respectively. 1-Carboxypropyl and 5-carboxypentyl lignosulfonates with the charge densities of −3.45 and −2.94 meq g(−1) and molecular weights of 87,900 and 42,400 g·mol(−1) were produced, respectively, under mild conditions. The carboxylate content and degree of substitution (DS) of the 1-CPRLS product were 2.37 mmol·g(−1) and 0.70 mol·mol(−1), while those of 5-CPELS products were 2.13 mmol·g(−1) and 0.66 mol·mol(−1), respectively. The grafting of carboxypropyl and carboxypentyl groups to lignosulfonate was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR) spectroscopies. In addition, 1-CPRLS and 5-CPELS were applied as coagulants for removing ethyl violet (EV) dye from a simulated solution, and their performance was related to their charge densities and molecular weights. Furthermore, fundamental discussion is provided on the advantages of (1) producing 1-CPRLS and (2) the superior properties and performance of 1-CPRLS to carboxyethylated lignosulfonate. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6723465 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67234652019-09-10 Preparation and Coagulation Performance of Carboxypropylated and Carboxypentylated Lignosulfonates for Dye Removal Bahrpaima, Khatereh Fatehi, Pedram Biomolecules Article In this work, 1-carboxypropyled (1-CPRLS) and 5-carboxypentyled lignosulfonates (5-CPELS) were synthesized using 2-chlorobutanoic acid and 6-chlorohexanoic acid as carboxylate group donors via S(N)1 and S(N)2 mechanisms, respectively. 1-Carboxypropyl and 5-carboxypentyl lignosulfonates with the charge densities of −3.45 and −2.94 meq g(−1) and molecular weights of 87,900 and 42,400 g·mol(−1) were produced, respectively, under mild conditions. The carboxylate content and degree of substitution (DS) of the 1-CPRLS product were 2.37 mmol·g(−1) and 0.70 mol·mol(−1), while those of 5-CPELS products were 2.13 mmol·g(−1) and 0.66 mol·mol(−1), respectively. The grafting of carboxypropyl and carboxypentyl groups to lignosulfonate was confirmed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and nuclear magnetic resonance ((1)H-NMR and (13)C-NMR) spectroscopies. In addition, 1-CPRLS and 5-CPELS were applied as coagulants for removing ethyl violet (EV) dye from a simulated solution, and their performance was related to their charge densities and molecular weights. Furthermore, fundamental discussion is provided on the advantages of (1) producing 1-CPRLS and (2) the superior properties and performance of 1-CPRLS to carboxyethylated lignosulfonate. MDPI 2019-08-20 /pmc/articles/PMC6723465/ /pubmed/31434221 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9080383 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Bahrpaima, Khatereh Fatehi, Pedram Preparation and Coagulation Performance of Carboxypropylated and Carboxypentylated Lignosulfonates for Dye Removal |
title | Preparation and Coagulation Performance of Carboxypropylated and Carboxypentylated Lignosulfonates for Dye Removal |
title_full | Preparation and Coagulation Performance of Carboxypropylated and Carboxypentylated Lignosulfonates for Dye Removal |
title_fullStr | Preparation and Coagulation Performance of Carboxypropylated and Carboxypentylated Lignosulfonates for Dye Removal |
title_full_unstemmed | Preparation and Coagulation Performance of Carboxypropylated and Carboxypentylated Lignosulfonates for Dye Removal |
title_short | Preparation and Coagulation Performance of Carboxypropylated and Carboxypentylated Lignosulfonates for Dye Removal |
title_sort | preparation and coagulation performance of carboxypropylated and carboxypentylated lignosulfonates for dye removal |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723465/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31434221 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/biom9080383 |
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