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Greater Efficacy of Black Ginseng (CJ EnerG) over Red Ginseng against Lethal Influenza A Virus Infection
Black ginseng (BG, CJ EnerG), prepared via nine repeated cycles of steaming and drying of fresh ginseng, contains more accessible acid polysaccharides and smaller and less polar ginsenosides than red ginseng (RG) processed only once. Because RG exhibits the ability to increase host protection agains...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723933/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31412594 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081879 |
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author | Kim, Eun-Ha Kim, Son-Woo Park, Su-Jin Kim, Semi Yu, Kwang-Min Kim, Seong Gyu Lee, Seung Hun Seo, Yong-Ki Cho, Nam-Hoon Kang, Kimoon Soung, Do Y. Choi, Young-Ki |
author_facet | Kim, Eun-Ha Kim, Son-Woo Park, Su-Jin Kim, Semi Yu, Kwang-Min Kim, Seong Gyu Lee, Seung Hun Seo, Yong-Ki Cho, Nam-Hoon Kang, Kimoon Soung, Do Y. Choi, Young-Ki |
author_sort | Kim, Eun-Ha |
collection | PubMed |
description | Black ginseng (BG, CJ EnerG), prepared via nine repeated cycles of steaming and drying of fresh ginseng, contains more accessible acid polysaccharides and smaller and less polar ginsenosides than red ginseng (RG) processed only once. Because RG exhibits the ability to increase host protection against viral respiratory infections, we investigated the antiviral effects of BG. Mice were orally administered either BG or RG extract at 10 mg/kg bw daily for two weeks. Mice were then infected with a A(H1N1) pdm09 (A/California/04/2009) virus and fed extracts for an additional week. Untreated, infected mice were assigned to either the negative control, without treatments, or the positive control, treated with Tamiflu. Infected mice were monitored for 14 days to determine the survival rate. Lung tissues were evaluated for virus titer and by histological analyses. Cytokine levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mice treated with BG displayed a 100% survival rate against infection, while mice treated with RG had a 50% survival rate. Further, mice treated with BG had fewer accumulated inflammatory cells in bronchioles following viral infection than did mice treated with RG. BG also enhanced the levels of GM-CSF and IL-10 during the early and late stages of infection, respectively, compared to RG. Thus, BG may be useful as an alternative antiviral adjuvant to modulate immune responses to influenza A virus. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6723933 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67239332019-09-10 Greater Efficacy of Black Ginseng (CJ EnerG) over Red Ginseng against Lethal Influenza A Virus Infection Kim, Eun-Ha Kim, Son-Woo Park, Su-Jin Kim, Semi Yu, Kwang-Min Kim, Seong Gyu Lee, Seung Hun Seo, Yong-Ki Cho, Nam-Hoon Kang, Kimoon Soung, Do Y. Choi, Young-Ki Nutrients Article Black ginseng (BG, CJ EnerG), prepared via nine repeated cycles of steaming and drying of fresh ginseng, contains more accessible acid polysaccharides and smaller and less polar ginsenosides than red ginseng (RG) processed only once. Because RG exhibits the ability to increase host protection against viral respiratory infections, we investigated the antiviral effects of BG. Mice were orally administered either BG or RG extract at 10 mg/kg bw daily for two weeks. Mice were then infected with a A(H1N1) pdm09 (A/California/04/2009) virus and fed extracts for an additional week. Untreated, infected mice were assigned to either the negative control, without treatments, or the positive control, treated with Tamiflu. Infected mice were monitored for 14 days to determine the survival rate. Lung tissues were evaluated for virus titer and by histological analyses. Cytokine levels were measured in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. Mice treated with BG displayed a 100% survival rate against infection, while mice treated with RG had a 50% survival rate. Further, mice treated with BG had fewer accumulated inflammatory cells in bronchioles following viral infection than did mice treated with RG. BG also enhanced the levels of GM-CSF and IL-10 during the early and late stages of infection, respectively, compared to RG. Thus, BG may be useful as an alternative antiviral adjuvant to modulate immune responses to influenza A virus. MDPI 2019-08-13 /pmc/articles/PMC6723933/ /pubmed/31412594 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081879 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Kim, Eun-Ha Kim, Son-Woo Park, Su-Jin Kim, Semi Yu, Kwang-Min Kim, Seong Gyu Lee, Seung Hun Seo, Yong-Ki Cho, Nam-Hoon Kang, Kimoon Soung, Do Y. Choi, Young-Ki Greater Efficacy of Black Ginseng (CJ EnerG) over Red Ginseng against Lethal Influenza A Virus Infection |
title | Greater Efficacy of Black Ginseng (CJ EnerG) over Red Ginseng against Lethal Influenza A Virus Infection |
title_full | Greater Efficacy of Black Ginseng (CJ EnerG) over Red Ginseng against Lethal Influenza A Virus Infection |
title_fullStr | Greater Efficacy of Black Ginseng (CJ EnerG) over Red Ginseng against Lethal Influenza A Virus Infection |
title_full_unstemmed | Greater Efficacy of Black Ginseng (CJ EnerG) over Red Ginseng against Lethal Influenza A Virus Infection |
title_short | Greater Efficacy of Black Ginseng (CJ EnerG) over Red Ginseng against Lethal Influenza A Virus Infection |
title_sort | greater efficacy of black ginseng (cj energ) over red ginseng against lethal influenza a virus infection |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6723933/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31412594 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081879 |
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