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Mitigation of Muscle Loss in Stressed Physiology: Military Relevance
Military personnel may be exposed to circumstances (e.g., large energy deficits, sleep deprivation, cognitive demands, and environmental extremes) of external stressors during training and combat operations (i.e., operational stressors) that combine to degrade muscle protein. The loss of muscle prot...
Autores principales: | , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6724061/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31344809 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081703 |
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author | Church, David D. Gwin, Jess A. Wolfe, Robert R. Pasiakos, Stefan M. Ferrando, Arny A. |
author_facet | Church, David D. Gwin, Jess A. Wolfe, Robert R. Pasiakos, Stefan M. Ferrando, Arny A. |
author_sort | Church, David D. |
collection | PubMed |
description | Military personnel may be exposed to circumstances (e.g., large energy deficits, sleep deprivation, cognitive demands, and environmental extremes) of external stressors during training and combat operations (i.e., operational stressors) that combine to degrade muscle protein. The loss of muscle protein is further exacerbated by frequent periods of severe energy deficit. Exposure to these factors results in a hypogonadal state that may contribute to observed decrements in muscle mass. In this review, lessons learned from studying severe clinical stressed states and the interventions designed to mitigate the loss of muscle protein are discussed in the context of military operational stress. For example, restoration of the anabolic hormonal status (e.g., testosterone, insulin, and growth hormone) in stressed physiological states may be necessary to restore the anabolic influence derived from dietary protein on muscle. Based on our clinical experiences, restoration of the normal testosterone status during sustained periods of operational stress may be advantageous. We demonstrated that in severe burn patients, pharmacologic normalization of the anabolic hormonal status restores the anabolic stimulatory effect of nutrition on muscle by improving the protein synthetic efficiency and limiting amino acid loss from skeletal muscle. Furthermore, an optimal protein intake, and in particular essential amino acid delivery, may be an integral ingredient in a restored anabolic response during the stress state. Interventions which improve the muscle net protein balance may positively impact soldier performance in trying conditions. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6724061 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67240612019-09-10 Mitigation of Muscle Loss in Stressed Physiology: Military Relevance Church, David D. Gwin, Jess A. Wolfe, Robert R. Pasiakos, Stefan M. Ferrando, Arny A. Nutrients Communication Military personnel may be exposed to circumstances (e.g., large energy deficits, sleep deprivation, cognitive demands, and environmental extremes) of external stressors during training and combat operations (i.e., operational stressors) that combine to degrade muscle protein. The loss of muscle protein is further exacerbated by frequent periods of severe energy deficit. Exposure to these factors results in a hypogonadal state that may contribute to observed decrements in muscle mass. In this review, lessons learned from studying severe clinical stressed states and the interventions designed to mitigate the loss of muscle protein are discussed in the context of military operational stress. For example, restoration of the anabolic hormonal status (e.g., testosterone, insulin, and growth hormone) in stressed physiological states may be necessary to restore the anabolic influence derived from dietary protein on muscle. Based on our clinical experiences, restoration of the normal testosterone status during sustained periods of operational stress may be advantageous. We demonstrated that in severe burn patients, pharmacologic normalization of the anabolic hormonal status restores the anabolic stimulatory effect of nutrition on muscle by improving the protein synthetic efficiency and limiting amino acid loss from skeletal muscle. Furthermore, an optimal protein intake, and in particular essential amino acid delivery, may be an integral ingredient in a restored anabolic response during the stress state. Interventions which improve the muscle net protein balance may positively impact soldier performance in trying conditions. MDPI 2019-07-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6724061/ /pubmed/31344809 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081703 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Communication Church, David D. Gwin, Jess A. Wolfe, Robert R. Pasiakos, Stefan M. Ferrando, Arny A. Mitigation of Muscle Loss in Stressed Physiology: Military Relevance |
title | Mitigation of Muscle Loss in Stressed Physiology: Military Relevance |
title_full | Mitigation of Muscle Loss in Stressed Physiology: Military Relevance |
title_fullStr | Mitigation of Muscle Loss in Stressed Physiology: Military Relevance |
title_full_unstemmed | Mitigation of Muscle Loss in Stressed Physiology: Military Relevance |
title_short | Mitigation of Muscle Loss in Stressed Physiology: Military Relevance |
title_sort | mitigation of muscle loss in stressed physiology: military relevance |
topic | Communication |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6724061/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31344809 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11081703 |
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