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Responses of weed community, soil nutrients, and microbes to different weed management practices in a fallow field in Northern China

The long-term use of herbicides to remove weeds in fallow croplands can impair soil biodiversity, affect the quality of agricultural products, and threaten human health. Consequently, the identification of methods that can effectively limit the weed seed bank and maintain fallow soil fertility witho...

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Autores principales: Gu, Xian, Cen, Yu, Guo, Liyue, Li, Caihong, Yuan, Han, Xu, Ziwen, Jiang, Gaoming
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: PeerJ Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6733240/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31534864
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7650
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author Gu, Xian
Cen, Yu
Guo, Liyue
Li, Caihong
Yuan, Han
Xu, Ziwen
Jiang, Gaoming
author_facet Gu, Xian
Cen, Yu
Guo, Liyue
Li, Caihong
Yuan, Han
Xu, Ziwen
Jiang, Gaoming
author_sort Gu, Xian
collection PubMed
description The long-term use of herbicides to remove weeds in fallow croplands can impair soil biodiversity, affect the quality of agricultural products, and threaten human health. Consequently, the identification of methods that can effectively limit the weed seed bank and maintain fallow soil fertility without causing soil pollution for the next planting is a critical task. In this study, four weeding treatments were established based on different degrees of disturbance to the topsoil: natural fallow (N), physical clearance (C), deep tillage (D), and sprayed herbicide (H). The changes in the soil weed seed banks, soil nutrients, and soil microbial biomass were carefully investigated. During the fallow period, the C treatment decreased the annual and biennial weed seed bank by 34% against pretreatment, whereas the H treatment did not effectively reduce the weed seed bank. The D treatment had positive effects on the soil fertility, increasing the available nitrogen 108% over that found in the N soil. In addition, a pre-winter deep tillage interfered with the rhizome propagation of perennial weeds. The total biomass of soil bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete in H treatment was the lowest among the four treatments. The biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the N treatment was respectively 42%, 35%, and 91%, higher than that in the C, D, and H treatments. An ecological weeding strategy was proposed based on our findings, which called for exhausting seed banks, blocking seed transmission, and taking advantage of natural opportunities to prevent weed growth for fallow lands. This study could provide a theoretical basis for weed management in fallow fields and organic farming systems.
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spelling pubmed-67332402019-09-18 Responses of weed community, soil nutrients, and microbes to different weed management practices in a fallow field in Northern China Gu, Xian Cen, Yu Guo, Liyue Li, Caihong Yuan, Han Xu, Ziwen Jiang, Gaoming PeerJ Agricultural Science The long-term use of herbicides to remove weeds in fallow croplands can impair soil biodiversity, affect the quality of agricultural products, and threaten human health. Consequently, the identification of methods that can effectively limit the weed seed bank and maintain fallow soil fertility without causing soil pollution for the next planting is a critical task. In this study, four weeding treatments were established based on different degrees of disturbance to the topsoil: natural fallow (N), physical clearance (C), deep tillage (D), and sprayed herbicide (H). The changes in the soil weed seed banks, soil nutrients, and soil microbial biomass were carefully investigated. During the fallow period, the C treatment decreased the annual and biennial weed seed bank by 34% against pretreatment, whereas the H treatment did not effectively reduce the weed seed bank. The D treatment had positive effects on the soil fertility, increasing the available nitrogen 108% over that found in the N soil. In addition, a pre-winter deep tillage interfered with the rhizome propagation of perennial weeds. The total biomass of soil bacterial, fungal, and actinomycete in H treatment was the lowest among the four treatments. The biomass of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the N treatment was respectively 42%, 35%, and 91%, higher than that in the C, D, and H treatments. An ecological weeding strategy was proposed based on our findings, which called for exhausting seed banks, blocking seed transmission, and taking advantage of natural opportunities to prevent weed growth for fallow lands. This study could provide a theoretical basis for weed management in fallow fields and organic farming systems. PeerJ Inc. 2019-09-06 /pmc/articles/PMC6733240/ /pubmed/31534864 http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7650 Text en © 2019 Gu et al. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/) , which permits unrestricted use, distribution, reproduction and adaptation in any medium and for any purpose provided that it is properly attributed. For attribution, the original author(s), title, publication source (PeerJ) and either DOI or URL of the article must be cited.
spellingShingle Agricultural Science
Gu, Xian
Cen, Yu
Guo, Liyue
Li, Caihong
Yuan, Han
Xu, Ziwen
Jiang, Gaoming
Responses of weed community, soil nutrients, and microbes to different weed management practices in a fallow field in Northern China
title Responses of weed community, soil nutrients, and microbes to different weed management practices in a fallow field in Northern China
title_full Responses of weed community, soil nutrients, and microbes to different weed management practices in a fallow field in Northern China
title_fullStr Responses of weed community, soil nutrients, and microbes to different weed management practices in a fallow field in Northern China
title_full_unstemmed Responses of weed community, soil nutrients, and microbes to different weed management practices in a fallow field in Northern China
title_short Responses of weed community, soil nutrients, and microbes to different weed management practices in a fallow field in Northern China
title_sort responses of weed community, soil nutrients, and microbes to different weed management practices in a fallow field in northern china
topic Agricultural Science
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6733240/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31534864
http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.7650
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