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Evaluation of median urinary iodine concentration cut-off for defining iodine deficiency in pregnant women after a long term USI in China

BACKGROUND: The WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD define iodine deficiency during pregnancy as median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) ≤ 150 μg/L. China implemented universal salt iodization (USI) in 1995, and recent surveillance showed nationwide elimination of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Data from 2014...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Huidi, Wu, Meng, Yang, Lichen, Wu, Jinghuan, Hu, Yichun, Han, Jianhua, Gu, Yunyou, Li, Xiuwei, Wang, Haiyan, Ma, Liangkun, Yang, Xiaoguang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6734293/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31516542
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12986-019-0381-4
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author Zhang, Huidi
Wu, Meng
Yang, Lichen
Wu, Jinghuan
Hu, Yichun
Han, Jianhua
Gu, Yunyou
Li, Xiuwei
Wang, Haiyan
Ma, Liangkun
Yang, Xiaoguang
author_facet Zhang, Huidi
Wu, Meng
Yang, Lichen
Wu, Jinghuan
Hu, Yichun
Han, Jianhua
Gu, Yunyou
Li, Xiuwei
Wang, Haiyan
Ma, Liangkun
Yang, Xiaoguang
author_sort Zhang, Huidi
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: The WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD define iodine deficiency during pregnancy as median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) ≤ 150 μg/L. China implemented universal salt iodization (USI) in 1995, and recent surveillance showed nationwide elimination of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Data from 2014 showed that the MUIC in 19,500 pregnant women was 154.6 μg/L and 145 μg/L in 9000 pregnant women in 2015. However, symptoms of iodine deficiency were absent. Our study sought to evaluate whether MUIC below 150 μg/L affects thyroid function of Chinese pregnant women and their newborns in Chinese context. METHODS: We screened 103 women with normal thyroid function and MUIC lower than 150 μg/L during week 6 of pregnancy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Patient demographics and dietary salt intake were recorded. Subjects were followed at 12, 24, and 32 gestational weeks. At each visit, a 3-day dietary record, drinking water samples, and edible salt samples were collected and analyzed for total dietary iodine intake. Additionally, 24-h urine iodine and creatinine were measured. Blood tests assessed thyroid function in both mothers and newborns. RESULTS: Of 103 pregnant women enrolled, 79 completed all follow-up visits. Most subjects maintained normal thyroid function throughout pregnancy. However, 19 had thyroid dysfunction based on thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine levels. The median serum iodine was 71 μg/L (95% CI: 44, 109). The median thyroglobulin was < 13 μg/L. values above this level indicate iodine deficiency in pregnant women. The median dietary iodine intake during pregnancy, derived from the 3-day record and measures of water and salt, was 231.17 μg/d. Assuming 90% urinary iodine excretion (UIE), 200.11 μg/d UIE means the 222.34 μg iodine loss per day, suggesting that subjects had a positive iodine balance throughout pregnancy. All neonatal blood samples showed TSH levels lower than 10 mIU/L, indicating normal thyroid function. No significant difference was found among gestational weeks for urinary iodine, and the MUIC in subjects who completed 3 follow-up visits was 107.41 μg/L. CONCLUSION: Twenty years after implementing USI, expectant Chinese mothers with MUIC of 107.4 μg/L, less than the WHO’s 150 μg/L benchmark, maintained thyroid function in both themselves and their newborn babies.
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spelling pubmed-67342932019-09-12 Evaluation of median urinary iodine concentration cut-off for defining iodine deficiency in pregnant women after a long term USI in China Zhang, Huidi Wu, Meng Yang, Lichen Wu, Jinghuan Hu, Yichun Han, Jianhua Gu, Yunyou Li, Xiuwei Wang, Haiyan Ma, Liangkun Yang, Xiaoguang Nutr Metab (Lond) Research BACKGROUND: The WHO/UNICEF/ICCIDD define iodine deficiency during pregnancy as median urinary iodine concentration (MUIC) ≤ 150 μg/L. China implemented universal salt iodization (USI) in 1995, and recent surveillance showed nationwide elimination of iodine deficiency disorders (IDD). Data from 2014 showed that the MUIC in 19,500 pregnant women was 154.6 μg/L and 145 μg/L in 9000 pregnant women in 2015. However, symptoms of iodine deficiency were absent. Our study sought to evaluate whether MUIC below 150 μg/L affects thyroid function of Chinese pregnant women and their newborns in Chinese context. METHODS: We screened 103 women with normal thyroid function and MUIC lower than 150 μg/L during week 6 of pregnancy at Peking Union Medical College Hospital. Patient demographics and dietary salt intake were recorded. Subjects were followed at 12, 24, and 32 gestational weeks. At each visit, a 3-day dietary record, drinking water samples, and edible salt samples were collected and analyzed for total dietary iodine intake. Additionally, 24-h urine iodine and creatinine were measured. Blood tests assessed thyroid function in both mothers and newborns. RESULTS: Of 103 pregnant women enrolled, 79 completed all follow-up visits. Most subjects maintained normal thyroid function throughout pregnancy. However, 19 had thyroid dysfunction based on thyroid stimulating hormone and free thyroxine levels. The median serum iodine was 71 μg/L (95% CI: 44, 109). The median thyroglobulin was < 13 μg/L. values above this level indicate iodine deficiency in pregnant women. The median dietary iodine intake during pregnancy, derived from the 3-day record and measures of water and salt, was 231.17 μg/d. Assuming 90% urinary iodine excretion (UIE), 200.11 μg/d UIE means the 222.34 μg iodine loss per day, suggesting that subjects had a positive iodine balance throughout pregnancy. All neonatal blood samples showed TSH levels lower than 10 mIU/L, indicating normal thyroid function. No significant difference was found among gestational weeks for urinary iodine, and the MUIC in subjects who completed 3 follow-up visits was 107.41 μg/L. CONCLUSION: Twenty years after implementing USI, expectant Chinese mothers with MUIC of 107.4 μg/L, less than the WHO’s 150 μg/L benchmark, maintained thyroid function in both themselves and their newborn babies. BioMed Central 2019-09-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6734293/ /pubmed/31516542 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12986-019-0381-4 Text en © The Author(s). 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Zhang, Huidi
Wu, Meng
Yang, Lichen
Wu, Jinghuan
Hu, Yichun
Han, Jianhua
Gu, Yunyou
Li, Xiuwei
Wang, Haiyan
Ma, Liangkun
Yang, Xiaoguang
Evaluation of median urinary iodine concentration cut-off for defining iodine deficiency in pregnant women after a long term USI in China
title Evaluation of median urinary iodine concentration cut-off for defining iodine deficiency in pregnant women after a long term USI in China
title_full Evaluation of median urinary iodine concentration cut-off for defining iodine deficiency in pregnant women after a long term USI in China
title_fullStr Evaluation of median urinary iodine concentration cut-off for defining iodine deficiency in pregnant women after a long term USI in China
title_full_unstemmed Evaluation of median urinary iodine concentration cut-off for defining iodine deficiency in pregnant women after a long term USI in China
title_short Evaluation of median urinary iodine concentration cut-off for defining iodine deficiency in pregnant women after a long term USI in China
title_sort evaluation of median urinary iodine concentration cut-off for defining iodine deficiency in pregnant women after a long term usi in china
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6734293/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31516542
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s12986-019-0381-4
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