Effect of Pore Confinement of NaNH(2) and KNH(2) on Hydrogen Generation from Ammonia

[Image: see text] The development of efficient catalysts for hydrogen generation via ammonia decomposition is crucial for the use of ammonia as an energy carrier. Here, we report the effect of pore confinement of NaNH(2) and KNH(2) on ammonia decomposition catalysis. For the first time, Ni- or Ru-doped NaNH(2) and KNH(2) were confined in carbon nanopores using a combination method of solution impregnation and melt infiltration. Structure characterization indicates the nanoscale intimacy between transition metals and alkali metal amides inside the pores of the carbon support. As a result, 8 wt % Ni-doped NaNH(2) and KNH(2) nanocomposites give NH(3) conversions of 79 and 60%, respectively at 425 °C, close to the performance of a 5 wt % Ru/C reference catalyst. 0.8 wt % Ru-doped nanocomposites exhibit even better catalytic performance, with about 95% NH(3) conversion at a moderate temperature of 375 °C. The hydrogen production rates of these Ni- and Ru-doped nanocomposites in a pure NH(3) flow are about 3–4 times higher than for the recently reported novel catalysts such as Ni–Li(2)NH and Ru–Li(2)NH/MgO. Interestingly, the apparent activation energies of the Ru- or Ni-based catalysts decrease 20–30 kJ mol(–1) by co-confinement with alkali metal amides. The strategy of nanoconfinement of alkali metal amides in porous hosts may open a new avenue for effectively generating H(2) from NH(3) at low temperatures.