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Multilocus Analysis Resolves the European Finch Epidemic Strain of Trichomonas gallinae and Suggests Introgression from Divergent Trichomonads
In Europe, Trichomonas gallinae recently emerged as a cause of epidemic disease in songbirds. A clonal strain of the parasite, first found in the United Kingdom, has become the predominant strain there and spread to continental Europe. Discriminating this epidemic strain of T. gallinae from other st...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6735722/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31364699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz164 |
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author | Alrefaei, Abdulwahed Fahad Low, Ross Hall, Neil Jardim, Rodrigo Dávila, Alberto Gerhold, Rick John, Shinto Steinbiss, Sascha Cunningham, Andrew A Lawson, Becki Bell, Diana Tyler, Kevin |
author_facet | Alrefaei, Abdulwahed Fahad Low, Ross Hall, Neil Jardim, Rodrigo Dávila, Alberto Gerhold, Rick John, Shinto Steinbiss, Sascha Cunningham, Andrew A Lawson, Becki Bell, Diana Tyler, Kevin |
author_sort | Alrefaei, Abdulwahed Fahad |
collection | PubMed |
description | In Europe, Trichomonas gallinae recently emerged as a cause of epidemic disease in songbirds. A clonal strain of the parasite, first found in the United Kingdom, has become the predominant strain there and spread to continental Europe. Discriminating this epidemic strain of T. gallinae from other strains necessitated development of multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Development of the MLST was facilitated by the assembly and annotation of a 54.7 Mb draft genome of a cloned stabilate of the A1 European finch epidemic strain (isolated from Greenfinch, Chloris chloris, XT-1081/07 in 2007) containing 21,924 protein coding genes. This enabled construction of a robust 19 locus MLST based on existing typing loci for Trichomonas vaginalis and T. gallinae. Our MLST has the sensitivity to discriminate strains within existing genotypes confidently, and resolves the American finch A1 genotype from the European finch epidemic A1 genotype. Interestingly, one isolate we obtained from a captive black-naped fruit dove Ptilinopsus melanospilus, was not truly T. gallinae but a hybrid of T. gallinae with a distant trichomonad lineage. Phylogenetic analysis of the individual loci in this fruit dove provides evidence of gene flow between distant trichomonad lineages at 2 of the 19 loci examined and may provide precedence for the emergence of other hybrid trichomonad genomes including T. vaginalis. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6735722 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67357222019-09-16 Multilocus Analysis Resolves the European Finch Epidemic Strain of Trichomonas gallinae and Suggests Introgression from Divergent Trichomonads Alrefaei, Abdulwahed Fahad Low, Ross Hall, Neil Jardim, Rodrigo Dávila, Alberto Gerhold, Rick John, Shinto Steinbiss, Sascha Cunningham, Andrew A Lawson, Becki Bell, Diana Tyler, Kevin Genome Biol Evol Research Article In Europe, Trichomonas gallinae recently emerged as a cause of epidemic disease in songbirds. A clonal strain of the parasite, first found in the United Kingdom, has become the predominant strain there and spread to continental Europe. Discriminating this epidemic strain of T. gallinae from other strains necessitated development of multilocus sequence typing (MLST). Development of the MLST was facilitated by the assembly and annotation of a 54.7 Mb draft genome of a cloned stabilate of the A1 European finch epidemic strain (isolated from Greenfinch, Chloris chloris, XT-1081/07 in 2007) containing 21,924 protein coding genes. This enabled construction of a robust 19 locus MLST based on existing typing loci for Trichomonas vaginalis and T. gallinae. Our MLST has the sensitivity to discriminate strains within existing genotypes confidently, and resolves the American finch A1 genotype from the European finch epidemic A1 genotype. Interestingly, one isolate we obtained from a captive black-naped fruit dove Ptilinopsus melanospilus, was not truly T. gallinae but a hybrid of T. gallinae with a distant trichomonad lineage. Phylogenetic analysis of the individual loci in this fruit dove provides evidence of gene flow between distant trichomonad lineages at 2 of the 19 loci examined and may provide precedence for the emergence of other hybrid trichomonad genomes including T. vaginalis. Oxford University Press 2019-07-30 /pmc/articles/PMC6735722/ /pubmed/31364699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz164 Text en © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Molecular Biology and Evolution. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Research Article Alrefaei, Abdulwahed Fahad Low, Ross Hall, Neil Jardim, Rodrigo Dávila, Alberto Gerhold, Rick John, Shinto Steinbiss, Sascha Cunningham, Andrew A Lawson, Becki Bell, Diana Tyler, Kevin Multilocus Analysis Resolves the European Finch Epidemic Strain of Trichomonas gallinae and Suggests Introgression from Divergent Trichomonads |
title | Multilocus Analysis Resolves the European Finch Epidemic Strain of Trichomonas gallinae and Suggests Introgression from Divergent Trichomonads |
title_full | Multilocus Analysis Resolves the European Finch Epidemic Strain of Trichomonas gallinae and Suggests Introgression from Divergent Trichomonads |
title_fullStr | Multilocus Analysis Resolves the European Finch Epidemic Strain of Trichomonas gallinae and Suggests Introgression from Divergent Trichomonads |
title_full_unstemmed | Multilocus Analysis Resolves the European Finch Epidemic Strain of Trichomonas gallinae and Suggests Introgression from Divergent Trichomonads |
title_short | Multilocus Analysis Resolves the European Finch Epidemic Strain of Trichomonas gallinae and Suggests Introgression from Divergent Trichomonads |
title_sort | multilocus analysis resolves the european finch epidemic strain of trichomonas gallinae and suggests introgression from divergent trichomonads |
topic | Research Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6735722/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31364699 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/gbe/evz164 |
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