Cargando…

Geographical and Ethnic Differences Influence Culturable Commensal Yeast Diversity on Healthy Skin

Commensal fungi such as Malassezia, Candida, and Rhodotorula are common on healthy skin but are also associated with opportunistic invasive and superficial infections. Skin microbial community characterization has been extensively performed worldwide, with a focus on the 16S bacterial community. The...

Descripción completa

Detalles Bibliográficos
Autores principales: Leong, Cheryl, Schmid, Bettina, Toi, Min Jet, Wang, Joyce, Irudayaswamy, Antony Sagayaraj, Goh, Joleen Peh Zhen, Bosshard, Philipp P., Glatz, Martin, Dawson, Thomas L.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6736582/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31551938
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01891
_version_ 1783450538966253568
author Leong, Cheryl
Schmid, Bettina
Toi, Min Jet
Wang, Joyce
Irudayaswamy, Antony Sagayaraj
Goh, Joleen Peh Zhen
Bosshard, Philipp P.
Glatz, Martin
Dawson, Thomas L.
author_facet Leong, Cheryl
Schmid, Bettina
Toi, Min Jet
Wang, Joyce
Irudayaswamy, Antony Sagayaraj
Goh, Joleen Peh Zhen
Bosshard, Philipp P.
Glatz, Martin
Dawson, Thomas L.
author_sort Leong, Cheryl
collection PubMed
description Commensal fungi such as Malassezia, Candida, and Rhodotorula are common on healthy skin but are also associated with opportunistic invasive and superficial infections. Skin microbial community characterization has been extensively performed worldwide, with a focus on the 16S bacterial community. These studies have focused on geographically distinct or targeted cohorts with variable reported species distributions of commensal yeast species. To determine the effects of extrinsic environmental factors such as geography, climate, and ethnicity on detected healthy skin commensal yeast diversity, we compared cohorts from Singapore and Zürich, Switzerland, representative of two geographically and climatically distinct regions comprising multi-ethnic (Chinese, Malay, Indian, Caucasian) and predominantly white Caucasian cohorts, respectively, using identical skin sampling and culture methods. We chose to use a culture-based approach as cultures isolated from patients are still required for studies of pathogenicity and antifungal susceptibility. Detection of yeast species by culture-dependent and independent sequencing-based methods suggest healthy skin diversity reflects a species distribution representative of the geography, climate and ethnic background of their local populations. Culture success and species diversity was also found to be dependent on climate, with warm tropical climates favoring high positive culture rates and greater species diversity. Multilocus sequence typing data suggests some strains are geographically distinct and may be used to segregate potential disease-causing commensals. For accurate collection and characterization of skin microbial communities, it remains recommended to employ a combination of culture-dependent and sequence-based culture-independent methods. Characterization of healthy mycobiomes in geographically distinct local populations will be useful in defining the role of commensal fungi in health and disease.
format Online
Article
Text
id pubmed-6736582
institution National Center for Biotechnology Information
language English
publishDate 2019
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format MEDLINE/PubMed
spelling pubmed-67365822019-09-24 Geographical and Ethnic Differences Influence Culturable Commensal Yeast Diversity on Healthy Skin Leong, Cheryl Schmid, Bettina Toi, Min Jet Wang, Joyce Irudayaswamy, Antony Sagayaraj Goh, Joleen Peh Zhen Bosshard, Philipp P. Glatz, Martin Dawson, Thomas L. Front Microbiol Microbiology Commensal fungi such as Malassezia, Candida, and Rhodotorula are common on healthy skin but are also associated with opportunistic invasive and superficial infections. Skin microbial community characterization has been extensively performed worldwide, with a focus on the 16S bacterial community. These studies have focused on geographically distinct or targeted cohorts with variable reported species distributions of commensal yeast species. To determine the effects of extrinsic environmental factors such as geography, climate, and ethnicity on detected healthy skin commensal yeast diversity, we compared cohorts from Singapore and Zürich, Switzerland, representative of two geographically and climatically distinct regions comprising multi-ethnic (Chinese, Malay, Indian, Caucasian) and predominantly white Caucasian cohorts, respectively, using identical skin sampling and culture methods. We chose to use a culture-based approach as cultures isolated from patients are still required for studies of pathogenicity and antifungal susceptibility. Detection of yeast species by culture-dependent and independent sequencing-based methods suggest healthy skin diversity reflects a species distribution representative of the geography, climate and ethnic background of their local populations. Culture success and species diversity was also found to be dependent on climate, with warm tropical climates favoring high positive culture rates and greater species diversity. Multilocus sequence typing data suggests some strains are geographically distinct and may be used to segregate potential disease-causing commensals. For accurate collection and characterization of skin microbial communities, it remains recommended to employ a combination of culture-dependent and sequence-based culture-independent methods. Characterization of healthy mycobiomes in geographically distinct local populations will be useful in defining the role of commensal fungi in health and disease. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-08-27 /pmc/articles/PMC6736582/ /pubmed/31551938 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01891 Text en Copyright © 2019 Leong, Schmid, Toi, Wang, Irudayaswamy, Goh, Bosshard, Glatz and Dawson. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Microbiology
Leong, Cheryl
Schmid, Bettina
Toi, Min Jet
Wang, Joyce
Irudayaswamy, Antony Sagayaraj
Goh, Joleen Peh Zhen
Bosshard, Philipp P.
Glatz, Martin
Dawson, Thomas L.
Geographical and Ethnic Differences Influence Culturable Commensal Yeast Diversity on Healthy Skin
title Geographical and Ethnic Differences Influence Culturable Commensal Yeast Diversity on Healthy Skin
title_full Geographical and Ethnic Differences Influence Culturable Commensal Yeast Diversity on Healthy Skin
title_fullStr Geographical and Ethnic Differences Influence Culturable Commensal Yeast Diversity on Healthy Skin
title_full_unstemmed Geographical and Ethnic Differences Influence Culturable Commensal Yeast Diversity on Healthy Skin
title_short Geographical and Ethnic Differences Influence Culturable Commensal Yeast Diversity on Healthy Skin
title_sort geographical and ethnic differences influence culturable commensal yeast diversity on healthy skin
topic Microbiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6736582/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31551938
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2019.01891
work_keys_str_mv AT leongcheryl geographicalandethnicdifferencesinfluenceculturablecommensalyeastdiversityonhealthyskin
AT schmidbettina geographicalandethnicdifferencesinfluenceculturablecommensalyeastdiversityonhealthyskin
AT toiminjet geographicalandethnicdifferencesinfluenceculturablecommensalyeastdiversityonhealthyskin
AT wangjoyce geographicalandethnicdifferencesinfluenceculturablecommensalyeastdiversityonhealthyskin
AT irudayaswamyantonysagayaraj geographicalandethnicdifferencesinfluenceculturablecommensalyeastdiversityonhealthyskin
AT gohjoleenpehzhen geographicalandethnicdifferencesinfluenceculturablecommensalyeastdiversityonhealthyskin
AT bosshardphilippp geographicalandethnicdifferencesinfluenceculturablecommensalyeastdiversityonhealthyskin
AT glatzmartin geographicalandethnicdifferencesinfluenceculturablecommensalyeastdiversityonhealthyskin
AT dawsonthomasl geographicalandethnicdifferencesinfluenceculturablecommensalyeastdiversityonhealthyskin