A core-shell molybdenum nanoparticles entrapped f-MWCNTs hybrid nanostructured material based non-enzymatic biosensor for electrochemical detection of dopamine neurotransmitter in biological samples

Dopamine (DA) is a critical neurotransmitter and has been known to be liable for several neurological diseases. Hence, its sensitive and selective detection is essential for the early diagnosis of diseases related to abnormal levels of DA. In this study, we reported novel molybdenum nanoparticles self-supported functionalized multiwalled carbon nanotubes (Mo NPs@f-MWCNTs) based core-shell hybrid nanomaterial with an average diameter of 40–45 nm was found to be the best for electrochemical DA detection. The Mo NPs@f-MWCNTs hybrid material possesses tremendous superiority in the DA sensing is mainly due to the large surface area and numerous electroactive sites. The morphological and structural characteristics of the as-synthesized hybrid nanomaterial were examined by XRD, Raman, FE-SEM, HR-TEM, EDX. The electrochemical characteristics and catalytic behavior of the as-prepared Mo NPs@f-MWCNTs modified screen-printed carbon electrode for the determination of DA were systematically investigated via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and amperometry. The results demonstrate that the developed DA biosensor exhibit a low detection limit of 1.26 nM, excellent linear response of 0.01 µM to 1609 µM with good sensitivity of 4.925 µA µM(−1) cm(−2). We proposed outstanding appreciable stability sensor was expressed to the real-time detection of DA in the real sample analysis of rat brain, human blood serum, and DA hydrochloride injection.