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Selective distant electrostimulation by synchronized bipolar nanosecond pulses
A unique aspect of electrostimulation (ES) with nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP) is the inhibition of effects when the polarity is reversed. This bipolar cancellation feature makes bipolar nsEP less efficient at biostimulation than unipolar nsEP. We propose to minimize stimulation near pulse-delive...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Nature Publishing Group UK
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6739416/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31511591 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49664-2 |
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author | Gianulis, Elena C. Casciola, Maura Zhou, Carol Yang, Enbo Xiao, Shu Pakhomov, Andrei G. |
author_facet | Gianulis, Elena C. Casciola, Maura Zhou, Carol Yang, Enbo Xiao, Shu Pakhomov, Andrei G. |
author_sort | Gianulis, Elena C. |
collection | PubMed |
description | A unique aspect of electrostimulation (ES) with nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP) is the inhibition of effects when the polarity is reversed. This bipolar cancellation feature makes bipolar nsEP less efficient at biostimulation than unipolar nsEP. We propose to minimize stimulation near pulse-delivering electrodes by applying bipolar nsEP, whereas the superposition of two phase-shifted bipolar nsEP from two independent sources yields a biologically-effective unipolar pulse remotely. This is accomplished by electrical compensation of all nsEP phases except the first one, resulting in the restoration of stimulation efficiency due to cancellation of bipolar cancellation (CANCAN-ES). We experimentally proved the CANCAN-ES paradigm by measuring YO-PRO-1 dye uptake in CHO-K1 cells which were permeabilized by multiphasic nsEP (600 ns per phase) from two generators; these nsEP were synchronized either to overlap into a unipolar pulse remotely from electrodes (CANCAN), or not to overlap (control). Enhancement of YO-PRO-1 entry due to CANCAN was observed in all sets of experiments and reached ~3-fold in the center of the gap between electrodes, exactly where the unipolar pulse was formed, and equaled the degree of bipolar cancellation. CANCAN-ES is promising for non-invasive deep tissue stimulation, either alone or combined with other remote stimulation techniques to improve targeting. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6739416 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Nature Publishing Group UK |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67394162019-09-22 Selective distant electrostimulation by synchronized bipolar nanosecond pulses Gianulis, Elena C. Casciola, Maura Zhou, Carol Yang, Enbo Xiao, Shu Pakhomov, Andrei G. Sci Rep Article A unique aspect of electrostimulation (ES) with nanosecond electric pulses (nsEP) is the inhibition of effects when the polarity is reversed. This bipolar cancellation feature makes bipolar nsEP less efficient at biostimulation than unipolar nsEP. We propose to minimize stimulation near pulse-delivering electrodes by applying bipolar nsEP, whereas the superposition of two phase-shifted bipolar nsEP from two independent sources yields a biologically-effective unipolar pulse remotely. This is accomplished by electrical compensation of all nsEP phases except the first one, resulting in the restoration of stimulation efficiency due to cancellation of bipolar cancellation (CANCAN-ES). We experimentally proved the CANCAN-ES paradigm by measuring YO-PRO-1 dye uptake in CHO-K1 cells which were permeabilized by multiphasic nsEP (600 ns per phase) from two generators; these nsEP were synchronized either to overlap into a unipolar pulse remotely from electrodes (CANCAN), or not to overlap (control). Enhancement of YO-PRO-1 entry due to CANCAN was observed in all sets of experiments and reached ~3-fold in the center of the gap between electrodes, exactly where the unipolar pulse was formed, and equaled the degree of bipolar cancellation. CANCAN-ES is promising for non-invasive deep tissue stimulation, either alone or combined with other remote stimulation techniques to improve targeting. Nature Publishing Group UK 2019-09-11 /pmc/articles/PMC6739416/ /pubmed/31511591 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49664-2 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/. |
spellingShingle | Article Gianulis, Elena C. Casciola, Maura Zhou, Carol Yang, Enbo Xiao, Shu Pakhomov, Andrei G. Selective distant electrostimulation by synchronized bipolar nanosecond pulses |
title | Selective distant electrostimulation by synchronized bipolar nanosecond pulses |
title_full | Selective distant electrostimulation by synchronized bipolar nanosecond pulses |
title_fullStr | Selective distant electrostimulation by synchronized bipolar nanosecond pulses |
title_full_unstemmed | Selective distant electrostimulation by synchronized bipolar nanosecond pulses |
title_short | Selective distant electrostimulation by synchronized bipolar nanosecond pulses |
title_sort | selective distant electrostimulation by synchronized bipolar nanosecond pulses |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6739416/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31511591 http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-019-49664-2 |
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