Hepatitis C virus genotype analysis in patients with chronic hepatitis in North Eastern Bulgaria

Background: The main objective of this study was to analyse the spread of hepatitis C virus (HCV) genotype in patients with chronic liver disease; commenting on the molecular characterization of HCV and gender and age in Varna, Bulgaria. Across Europe and the world, HCV is a significant economic concern and public health crisis. Defined by genotype variations, HCV is the leading cause of chronic liver disease, liver related morbidity, and mortality worldwide. Active examination for asymptomatic patients is essential, initiating early treatment aimed at the specific HCV genotype, effective outcomes, and reducing transmission and mortality in Bulgaria. Methods and materials: Nucleic acid extraction and amplification were performed with commercially available test kits on 115 patients blood samples collected from March 2018 to October 2018. Male (n = 58) (50.43%, 95% CI = 41.29%–59.57%) and female (n = 57) (49.57%, 95% CI = 41.29%–59.57%) samples were equally distributed (mean age = 51.4 years; SD = ±16.5 years; range = 17–87 years old). Results: Genotype 1b predominated (73%, 95% CI = 64.89%–81.11%), followed by high prevalence of 1a (13.9%, 95% CI = 7.58%–20.22%) and 3 genotypes (11.3%, 95% CI = 5.51%–17.09%). Genotypes 2 and 4 were equally the least prevalent (0.9%, 95% CI = −0.83%–2.63%). In genotype 1b, 60.7% were women and 39.3% were men; in genotype 1a, 25% were women and 75% were men; and in genotype 3, only 7.7% were women and 92.3% were men. Males were most prevalent in genotypes 1a (75%) and 3 (92.3%), while women were most prevalent in genotype 1b (60.7%). Conclusions: HCV genotype lb is the predominant variant within the epidemiological pattern of HCV genotypes in patients with chronic liver diseases in North Eastern Bulgaria.