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Thermotolerance Divergence Revealed by the Physiological and Molecular Responses in Two Oyster Subspecies of Crassostrea gigas in China

Investigating the physiological mechanisms of closely related species that exhibit distinct geographic distributions and thermal niches is essential for understanding their thermal tolerance capacities and local adaptations in view of climate warming. The variations in upper thermal limits (LT(50))...

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Autores principales: Ghaffari, Hamze, Wang, Wei, Li, Ao, Zhang, Guofan, Li, Li
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6746976/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31551813
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01137
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author Ghaffari, Hamze
Wang, Wei
Li, Ao
Zhang, Guofan
Li, Li
author_facet Ghaffari, Hamze
Wang, Wei
Li, Ao
Zhang, Guofan
Li, Li
author_sort Ghaffari, Hamze
collection PubMed
description Investigating the physiological mechanisms of closely related species that exhibit distinct geographic distributions and thermal niches is essential for understanding their thermal tolerance capacities and local adaptations in view of climate warming. The variations in upper thermal limits (LT(50)) under acute heat shock and cardiac activity, standard metabolic rate (SMR), anaerobic metabolite production and molecular responses (expression of molecular chaperones and glycolysis metabolism genes) under increasing temperatures in two oyster subspecies were studied. The populations of two oyster subspecies, Crassostrea gigas gigas and C. gigas angulata, exhibit different latitudinal distributions along the northern and southern coastlines of China, respectively, which experience different environmental conditions. The LT(50) was significantly higher, by ∼1°C, in the southern than in the northern oysters. In both subspecies, temperature increases had powerful effects on heart rate, SMR and gene expression. The southern oysters had the highest Arrhenius breakpoint temperatures for heart rate (31.4 ± 0.17°C) and SMR (33.09°C), whereas the heart rate (28.86 ± 0.3°C) and SMR (29.22°C) of the northern oysters were lower. The same patterns were observed for the Q(10) coefficients. More thermal sensitivity was observed in the northern oysters than in their southern counterparts, as the heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in the northern oysters were expressed first and had a higher induction at a lower temperature than those of southern oysters. Furthermore, different expression patterns of energetic metabolism genes (HK, PK, and PEPCK) were observed. In the northern oysters, increasing anaerobic glycolysis genes (PEPCK) and end products (succinate) were found at 36–43°C, indicating a transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism and a lower aerobic scope compared with the southern oysters. These two subspecies experience different environmental conditions, and their physiological performances suggested species-specific thermal tolerance windows in which the southern oysters, with mild physiological flexibility, had a higher potential capability to withstand heat stress. Overall, our results indicate that comparing and unifying physiological and molecular mechanisms can provide a framework for understanding the likely effects of global warming on marine ectotherms in intertidal regions.
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spelling pubmed-67469762019-09-24 Thermotolerance Divergence Revealed by the Physiological and Molecular Responses in Two Oyster Subspecies of Crassostrea gigas in China Ghaffari, Hamze Wang, Wei Li, Ao Zhang, Guofan Li, Li Front Physiol Physiology Investigating the physiological mechanisms of closely related species that exhibit distinct geographic distributions and thermal niches is essential for understanding their thermal tolerance capacities and local adaptations in view of climate warming. The variations in upper thermal limits (LT(50)) under acute heat shock and cardiac activity, standard metabolic rate (SMR), anaerobic metabolite production and molecular responses (expression of molecular chaperones and glycolysis metabolism genes) under increasing temperatures in two oyster subspecies were studied. The populations of two oyster subspecies, Crassostrea gigas gigas and C. gigas angulata, exhibit different latitudinal distributions along the northern and southern coastlines of China, respectively, which experience different environmental conditions. The LT(50) was significantly higher, by ∼1°C, in the southern than in the northern oysters. In both subspecies, temperature increases had powerful effects on heart rate, SMR and gene expression. The southern oysters had the highest Arrhenius breakpoint temperatures for heart rate (31.4 ± 0.17°C) and SMR (33.09°C), whereas the heart rate (28.86 ± 0.3°C) and SMR (29.22°C) of the northern oysters were lower. The same patterns were observed for the Q(10) coefficients. More thermal sensitivity was observed in the northern oysters than in their southern counterparts, as the heat-shock proteins (HSPs) in the northern oysters were expressed first and had a higher induction at a lower temperature than those of southern oysters. Furthermore, different expression patterns of energetic metabolism genes (HK, PK, and PEPCK) were observed. In the northern oysters, increasing anaerobic glycolysis genes (PEPCK) and end products (succinate) were found at 36–43°C, indicating a transition from aerobic to anaerobic metabolism and a lower aerobic scope compared with the southern oysters. These two subspecies experience different environmental conditions, and their physiological performances suggested species-specific thermal tolerance windows in which the southern oysters, with mild physiological flexibility, had a higher potential capability to withstand heat stress. Overall, our results indicate that comparing and unifying physiological and molecular mechanisms can provide a framework for understanding the likely effects of global warming on marine ectotherms in intertidal regions. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-09-10 /pmc/articles/PMC6746976/ /pubmed/31551813 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01137 Text en Copyright © 2019 Ghaffari, Wang, Li, Zhang and Li. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Physiology
Ghaffari, Hamze
Wang, Wei
Li, Ao
Zhang, Guofan
Li, Li
Thermotolerance Divergence Revealed by the Physiological and Molecular Responses in Two Oyster Subspecies of Crassostrea gigas in China
title Thermotolerance Divergence Revealed by the Physiological and Molecular Responses in Two Oyster Subspecies of Crassostrea gigas in China
title_full Thermotolerance Divergence Revealed by the Physiological and Molecular Responses in Two Oyster Subspecies of Crassostrea gigas in China
title_fullStr Thermotolerance Divergence Revealed by the Physiological and Molecular Responses in Two Oyster Subspecies of Crassostrea gigas in China
title_full_unstemmed Thermotolerance Divergence Revealed by the Physiological and Molecular Responses in Two Oyster Subspecies of Crassostrea gigas in China
title_short Thermotolerance Divergence Revealed by the Physiological and Molecular Responses in Two Oyster Subspecies of Crassostrea gigas in China
title_sort thermotolerance divergence revealed by the physiological and molecular responses in two oyster subspecies of crassostrea gigas in china
topic Physiology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6746976/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31551813
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2019.01137
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