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Bitumen Recovery from Crude Bitumen Samples from Halfaya Oilfield by Single and Composite Solvents—Process, Parameters, and Mechanism
Since 2007, heterogeneous, high-viscosity active bituminous formations have often occurred during the drilling process in Yadavaran oilfield (Iran), Halfaya oilfield (Iraq), and tar sands (Canada). The formation of bitumen exhibits plastic and creep properties, and its adhesion is strong, so drillin...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6747588/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31438495 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172656 |
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author | Liu, Yunfeng Qiu, Zhengsong Zhong, Hanyi Nie, Zhen Li, Jia Huang, Weian Zhao, Xin |
author_facet | Liu, Yunfeng Qiu, Zhengsong Zhong, Hanyi Nie, Zhen Li, Jia Huang, Weian Zhao, Xin |
author_sort | Liu, Yunfeng |
collection | PubMed |
description | Since 2007, heterogeneous, high-viscosity active bituminous formations have often occurred during the drilling process in Yadavaran oilfield (Iran), Halfaya oilfield (Iraq), and tar sands (Canada). The formation of bitumen exhibits plastic and creep properties, and its adhesion is strong, so drilling accidents are easily caused, such as adhering vibrating screen, drill pipe sticking, lost circulation, and even well abandonment. These complex problems cause huge economic losses. Solvents used to dissolve bitumen are a feasible technology to remove bitumen effectively. In order to solve this problem, we used crude bitumen samples from Halfaya oilfield to study the relation between the bitumen component and different solvents. In this study, the temperature, crude bitumen sample to solvent ratio, stirring rate, stirring time, and ultrasound time on bitumen recovery by toluene were investigated by a single factor experiment. The optimum process parameter for bitumen recovery was obtained. Toluene, n-heptane, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, ethyl acetate, and n-pentane were chosen as the solvents for single solvent extraction and composite solvent extraction. The bitumen recovery increased significantly with the use of a composite solvent compared to a single solvent. The composite solvent ratio was 1:1. The highest bitumen recovery was 98.9 wt% by toluene/cyclohexane composite solvent. The SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes) components of the bitumen were analyzed. The toluene showed the highest asphaltene content, while the n-alkanes showed the lowest asphaltene content. The higher the asphaltene content, the higher the bitumen recovery. The composite solvent obtained the highest asphaltene content and bitumen recovery. The viscosity of bitumen extraction by different solvents was measured. The lower the bitumen viscosity, the higher the bitumen recovery. The element analysis indicated the solvent’s ability to extract bitumen colloids with the C/H ratio. This study provides a reliable theoretical basis for the subsequent adoption of effective anti-bitumen polluted drilling fluid additives. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6747588 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67475882019-09-27 Bitumen Recovery from Crude Bitumen Samples from Halfaya Oilfield by Single and Composite Solvents—Process, Parameters, and Mechanism Liu, Yunfeng Qiu, Zhengsong Zhong, Hanyi Nie, Zhen Li, Jia Huang, Weian Zhao, Xin Materials (Basel) Article Since 2007, heterogeneous, high-viscosity active bituminous formations have often occurred during the drilling process in Yadavaran oilfield (Iran), Halfaya oilfield (Iraq), and tar sands (Canada). The formation of bitumen exhibits plastic and creep properties, and its adhesion is strong, so drilling accidents are easily caused, such as adhering vibrating screen, drill pipe sticking, lost circulation, and even well abandonment. These complex problems cause huge economic losses. Solvents used to dissolve bitumen are a feasible technology to remove bitumen effectively. In order to solve this problem, we used crude bitumen samples from Halfaya oilfield to study the relation between the bitumen component and different solvents. In this study, the temperature, crude bitumen sample to solvent ratio, stirring rate, stirring time, and ultrasound time on bitumen recovery by toluene were investigated by a single factor experiment. The optimum process parameter for bitumen recovery was obtained. Toluene, n-heptane, tetrahydrofuran, cyclohexane, cyclopentane, ethyl acetate, and n-pentane were chosen as the solvents for single solvent extraction and composite solvent extraction. The bitumen recovery increased significantly with the use of a composite solvent compared to a single solvent. The composite solvent ratio was 1:1. The highest bitumen recovery was 98.9 wt% by toluene/cyclohexane composite solvent. The SARA (saturates, aromatics, resins, and asphaltenes) components of the bitumen were analyzed. The toluene showed the highest asphaltene content, while the n-alkanes showed the lowest asphaltene content. The higher the asphaltene content, the higher the bitumen recovery. The composite solvent obtained the highest asphaltene content and bitumen recovery. The viscosity of bitumen extraction by different solvents was measured. The lower the bitumen viscosity, the higher the bitumen recovery. The element analysis indicated the solvent’s ability to extract bitumen colloids with the C/H ratio. This study provides a reliable theoretical basis for the subsequent adoption of effective anti-bitumen polluted drilling fluid additives. MDPI 2019-08-21 /pmc/articles/PMC6747588/ /pubmed/31438495 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172656 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Liu, Yunfeng Qiu, Zhengsong Zhong, Hanyi Nie, Zhen Li, Jia Huang, Weian Zhao, Xin Bitumen Recovery from Crude Bitumen Samples from Halfaya Oilfield by Single and Composite Solvents—Process, Parameters, and Mechanism |
title | Bitumen Recovery from Crude Bitumen Samples from Halfaya Oilfield by Single and Composite Solvents—Process, Parameters, and Mechanism |
title_full | Bitumen Recovery from Crude Bitumen Samples from Halfaya Oilfield by Single and Composite Solvents—Process, Parameters, and Mechanism |
title_fullStr | Bitumen Recovery from Crude Bitumen Samples from Halfaya Oilfield by Single and Composite Solvents—Process, Parameters, and Mechanism |
title_full_unstemmed | Bitumen Recovery from Crude Bitumen Samples from Halfaya Oilfield by Single and Composite Solvents—Process, Parameters, and Mechanism |
title_short | Bitumen Recovery from Crude Bitumen Samples from Halfaya Oilfield by Single and Composite Solvents—Process, Parameters, and Mechanism |
title_sort | bitumen recovery from crude bitumen samples from halfaya oilfield by single and composite solvents—process, parameters, and mechanism |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6747588/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31438495 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12172656 |
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