Mortality After First Hospital Admission for Inflammatory Bowel Disease: A Nationwide Registry Linkage Study

BACKGROUND: The goal of this study was to determine long-term mortality and causes of death in patients after hospitalization for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). METHODS: A cohort of patients admitted to the hospital because of IBD for the first time between 1998 and 2010 was identified by linkage of nationwide Dutch registries. Mortality risks and causes of death in Crohn’s disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) patients were compared with a large random sample of individuals from the general population. Multivariable Cox regression models were used to calculate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidence intervals (CIs). RESULTS: In total, 23,003 patients (56.1% women; mean age, 44.8 years) were hospitalized for IBD. Patients admitted for IBD had a higher risk of death than those from the general population. Adjusted HRs for 5-year all-cause mortality were 2.42 (95% CI, 1.15–5.12) and 1.45 (95% CI, 1.26–1.66) in men and women hospitalized for CD, respectively. Corresponding HRs for UC were 1.59 (95% CI, 1.39–1.83) and 1.13 (95% CI, 0.98–1.31). Mortality among patients after hospitalization for IBD decreased between 1998–2004 and 2005–2010. Patients admitted for UC had a higher risk of all-cause mortality than those admitted for CD. Inflammatory bowel disease patients died more often from (colorectal) cancer and gastrointestinal disease and less often from cardiovascular disease relative to the general population. CONCLUSIONS: Mortality of patients after hospitalization for IBD has decreased over time. Causes of death in CD and UC patients differ from those in the general population.