Evaluation of Cu/SAPO-34 Catalysts Prepared by Solid-State and Liquid Ion-Exchange Methods for NO(x) Removal by NH(3)-SCR

[Image: see text] Cu/SAPO-34 catalysts are prepared using solid-state ion exchange (SSIE) and liquid ion exchange (LIE). SSIE is conducted by calcining a physical mixture of H-SAPO-34 zeolite and CuO nanoparticles at elevated temperatures (500–800 °C). The conventional LIE method is conducted by exchanging Na-SAPO-34 with Cu(COOCH(3))(2) aqueous solution with a final calcination step at 500 °C. Catalysts were fully characterized, focusing on Cu species identification. The NH(3)-SCR activity is evaluated for NO(x) removal. Cu/SAPO-34 catalysts synthesized by SSIE at 700 °C achieved an optimal reaction rate, which was correlated with a higher proportion of Cu(2+) ions. The activation energies of Cu/SAPO-34 catalysts prepared by SSIE and LIE with varying copper loadings are 32–38 and 42–47 kJ mol(–1), respectively. The SSIE catalysts achieve higher turnover frequency than LIE catalysts for a similar copper content, which decreases on increasing the copper loading. These results provide evidence that Cu ions exchanged into the Cu/SAPO-34 catalysts synthesized by SSIE present higher activity than those prepared by LIE for NO(x) removal by NH(3)-SCR.