Test–Retest Performance of a 1-Hour Multiparametric MR Image Acquisition Pipeline With Orthotopic Triple-Negative Breast Cancer Patient-Derived Tumor Xenografts

Preclinical imaging is critical in the development of translational strategies to detect diseases and monitor response to therapy. The National Cancer Institute Co-Clinical Imaging Resource Program was launched, in part, to develop best practices in preclinical imaging. In this context, the objective of this work was to develop a 1-hour, multiparametric magnetic resonance image-acquisition pipeline with triple-negative breast cancer patient-derived xenografts (PDXs). The 1-hour, image-acquisition pipeline includes T1- and T2-weighted scans, quantitative T1, T2, and apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) parameter maps, and dynamic contrast-enhanced (DCE) time-course images. Quality-control measures used phantoms. The triple-negative breast cancer PDXs used for this study averaged 174 ± 73 μL in volume, with region of interest–averaged T1, T2, and ADC values of 1.9 ± 0.2 seconds, 62 ± 3 milliseconds, and 0.71 ± 0.06 μm(2)/ms (mean ± SD), respectively. Specific focus was on assessing the within-subject test–retest coefficient-of-variation (CV(WS)) for each of the magnetic resonance imaging metrics. Determination of PDX volume via manually drawn regions of interest is highly robust, with ∼1% CV(WS). Determination of T2 is also robust with a ∼3% CV(WS). Measurements of T1 and ADC are less robust with CV(WS) values in the 6%–11% range. Preliminary DCE test–retest time-course determinations, as quantified by area under the curve and K(trans) from 2-compartment exchange (extended Tofts) modeling, suggest that DCE is the least robust protocol, with ∼30%–40% CV(WS).