Disease control efficacy of 32,33-didehydroroflamycoin produced by Streptomyces rectiviolaceus strain DY46 against gray mold of tomato fruit

Despite the efficacy of synthetic fungicides in controlling postharvest diseases, public concerns regarding chemical residues in food and an increase in drug-resistant strains of pathogens have led to a need for new agents to control postharvest diseases. The current study was performed to find control agents of microbial origin that are effective on gray mold of tomato fruits. We recently isolated Streptomyces rectiviolaceus DY46, which has antagonistic activity against various plant pathogenic fungi. The incidence of gray mold of tomato fruits was markedly reduced by 80.0% in tomatoes treated with the cell extract of Streptomyces rectiviolaceus DY46 compared with the control tomatoes. The active ingredient was purified from the cell extract of DY46 and identified to be 32,33-didehydroroflamycoin (DDHR). DDHR displayed MICs (minimal inhibitory concentrations) against the mycelial growth of various plant pathogenic fungi at concentrations of 8–64 mg L(−1). The incidence of gray mold in tomato fruits inoculated with conidial suspension (10(4) conidia mL(−1)) of Botrytis cinerea was markedly reduced by 88.9% in tomatoes treated with DDHR (100 mg L(−1)) compared with the control. The DDHR residue in tomato fruit was significantly diminished 2 d after treatment. These results show that DDHR would be relatively safe for use as a postharvest fungicide.