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Host Components Contributing to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis

Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most prevalent viral etiological agent of acute respiratory tract infection. Although RSV affects people of all ages, the disease is more severe in infants and causes significant morbidity and hospitalization in young children and in the elderly. Host factors...

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Autores principales: Carvajal, Jonatan J., Avellaneda, Andrea M., Salazar-Ardiles, Camila, Maya, Jorge E., Kalergis, Alexis M., Lay, Margarita K.
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: Frontiers Media S.A. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6753334/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31572372
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02152
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author Carvajal, Jonatan J.
Avellaneda, Andrea M.
Salazar-Ardiles, Camila
Maya, Jorge E.
Kalergis, Alexis M.
Lay, Margarita K.
author_facet Carvajal, Jonatan J.
Avellaneda, Andrea M.
Salazar-Ardiles, Camila
Maya, Jorge E.
Kalergis, Alexis M.
Lay, Margarita K.
author_sort Carvajal, Jonatan J.
collection PubMed
description Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most prevalent viral etiological agent of acute respiratory tract infection. Although RSV affects people of all ages, the disease is more severe in infants and causes significant morbidity and hospitalization in young children and in the elderly. Host factors, including an immature immune system in infants, low lymphocyte levels in patients under 5 years old, and low levels of RSV-specific neutralizing antibodies in the blood of adults over 65 years of age, can explain the high susceptibility to RSV infection in these populations. Other host factors that correlate with severe RSV disease include high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukins (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and thymic stromal lymphopoitein (TSLP), which are produced in the respiratory tract of RSV-infected individuals, accompanied by a strong neutrophil response. In addition, data from studies of RSV infections in humans and in animal models revealed that this virus suppresses adaptive immune responses that could eliminate it from the respiratory tract. Here, we examine host factors that contribute to RSV pathogenesis based on an exhaustive review of in vitro infection in humans and in animal models to provide insights into the design of vaccines and therapeutic tools that could prevent diseases caused by RSV.
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spelling pubmed-67533342019-09-30 Host Components Contributing to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis Carvajal, Jonatan J. Avellaneda, Andrea M. Salazar-Ardiles, Camila Maya, Jorge E. Kalergis, Alexis M. Lay, Margarita K. Front Immunol Immunology Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the most prevalent viral etiological agent of acute respiratory tract infection. Although RSV affects people of all ages, the disease is more severe in infants and causes significant morbidity and hospitalization in young children and in the elderly. Host factors, including an immature immune system in infants, low lymphocyte levels in patients under 5 years old, and low levels of RSV-specific neutralizing antibodies in the blood of adults over 65 years of age, can explain the high susceptibility to RSV infection in these populations. Other host factors that correlate with severe RSV disease include high concentrations of proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukins (IL)-6, IL-8, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and thymic stromal lymphopoitein (TSLP), which are produced in the respiratory tract of RSV-infected individuals, accompanied by a strong neutrophil response. In addition, data from studies of RSV infections in humans and in animal models revealed that this virus suppresses adaptive immune responses that could eliminate it from the respiratory tract. Here, we examine host factors that contribute to RSV pathogenesis based on an exhaustive review of in vitro infection in humans and in animal models to provide insights into the design of vaccines and therapeutic tools that could prevent diseases caused by RSV. Frontiers Media S.A. 2019-09-12 /pmc/articles/PMC6753334/ /pubmed/31572372 http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02152 Text en Copyright © 2019 Carvajal, Avellaneda, Salazar-Ardiles, Maya, Kalergis and Lay. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.
spellingShingle Immunology
Carvajal, Jonatan J.
Avellaneda, Andrea M.
Salazar-Ardiles, Camila
Maya, Jorge E.
Kalergis, Alexis M.
Lay, Margarita K.
Host Components Contributing to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis
title Host Components Contributing to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis
title_full Host Components Contributing to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis
title_fullStr Host Components Contributing to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis
title_full_unstemmed Host Components Contributing to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis
title_short Host Components Contributing to Respiratory Syncytial Virus Pathogenesis
title_sort host components contributing to respiratory syncytial virus pathogenesis
topic Immunology
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6753334/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31572372
http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.02152
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