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Amoebic Encephalitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris

We present the case of a 71-year-old man who was diagnosed with amoebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris. He had rheumatic arthritis for 30 years and had undergone continuous treatment with immunosuppressants. First, he complained of partial spasm from the left thigh to the left upper...

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Autores principales: Kum, Su Jung, Lee, Hye Won, Jung, Hye Ra, Choe, Misun, Kim, Sang Pyo
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: The Korean Society of Pathologists and the Korean Society for Cytopathology 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6755651/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31121998
http://dx.doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.05.14
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author Kum, Su Jung
Lee, Hye Won
Jung, Hye Ra
Choe, Misun
Kim, Sang Pyo
author_facet Kum, Su Jung
Lee, Hye Won
Jung, Hye Ra
Choe, Misun
Kim, Sang Pyo
author_sort Kum, Su Jung
collection PubMed
description We present the case of a 71-year-old man who was diagnosed with amoebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris. He had rheumatic arthritis for 30 years and had undergone continuous treatment with immunosuppressants. First, he complained of partial spasm from the left thigh to the left upper limb. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal enhancing nodules in the cortical and subcortical area of both cerebral hemispheres, which were suggestive of brain metastases. However, the patient developed fever with stuporous mentality and an open biopsy was performed immediately. Microscopically, numerous amoebic trophozoites, measuring 20 to 25 µm in size, with nuclei containing one to four nucleoli and some scattered cysts having a double-layered wall were noted in the background of hemorrhagic necrosis. Based on the microscopic findings, amoebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris was diagnosed. The patient died on the 10th day after being admitted at the hospital. The diagnosis of amoebic encephalitis in the early stage is difficult for clinicians. Moreover, most cases undergo rapid deterioration, resulting in fatal consequences. In this report, we present the first case of B. mandrillaris amoebic encephalitis with fatal progression in a Korean patient.
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spelling pubmed-67556512019-10-02 Amoebic Encephalitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris Kum, Su Jung Lee, Hye Won Jung, Hye Ra Choe, Misun Kim, Sang Pyo J Pathol Transl Med Case Study We present the case of a 71-year-old man who was diagnosed with amoebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris. He had rheumatic arthritis for 30 years and had undergone continuous treatment with immunosuppressants. First, he complained of partial spasm from the left thigh to the left upper limb. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed multifocal enhancing nodules in the cortical and subcortical area of both cerebral hemispheres, which were suggestive of brain metastases. However, the patient developed fever with stuporous mentality and an open biopsy was performed immediately. Microscopically, numerous amoebic trophozoites, measuring 20 to 25 µm in size, with nuclei containing one to four nucleoli and some scattered cysts having a double-layered wall were noted in the background of hemorrhagic necrosis. Based on the microscopic findings, amoebic encephalitis caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris was diagnosed. The patient died on the 10th day after being admitted at the hospital. The diagnosis of amoebic encephalitis in the early stage is difficult for clinicians. Moreover, most cases undergo rapid deterioration, resulting in fatal consequences. In this report, we present the first case of B. mandrillaris amoebic encephalitis with fatal progression in a Korean patient. The Korean Society of Pathologists and the Korean Society for Cytopathology 2019-09 2019-05-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6755651/ /pubmed/31121998 http://dx.doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.05.14 Text en © 2019 The Korean Society of Pathologists/The Korean Society for Cytopathology This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution Non-Commercial License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/4.0) which permits unrestricted non-commercial use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Case Study
Kum, Su Jung
Lee, Hye Won
Jung, Hye Ra
Choe, Misun
Kim, Sang Pyo
Amoebic Encephalitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris
title Amoebic Encephalitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris
title_full Amoebic Encephalitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris
title_fullStr Amoebic Encephalitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris
title_full_unstemmed Amoebic Encephalitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris
title_short Amoebic Encephalitis Caused by Balamuthia mandrillaris
title_sort amoebic encephalitis caused by balamuthia mandrillaris
topic Case Study
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6755651/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31121998
http://dx.doi.org/10.4132/jptm.2019.05.14
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