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Histone chaperones and the Rrm3p helicase regulate flocculation in S. cerevisiae

BACKGROUND: Biofilm formation or flocculation is a major phenotype in wild type budding yeasts but rarely seen in laboratory yeast strains. Here, we analysed flocculation phenotypes and the expression of FLO genes in laboratory strains with various genetic backgrounds. RESULTS: We show that mutation...

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Autores principales: Rowlands, Hollie, Shaban, Kholoud, Foster, Barret, Proteau, Yannic, Yankulov, Krassimir
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: BioMed Central 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6757361/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31547833
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13072-019-0303-8
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author Rowlands, Hollie
Shaban, Kholoud
Foster, Barret
Proteau, Yannic
Yankulov, Krassimir
author_facet Rowlands, Hollie
Shaban, Kholoud
Foster, Barret
Proteau, Yannic
Yankulov, Krassimir
author_sort Rowlands, Hollie
collection PubMed
description BACKGROUND: Biofilm formation or flocculation is a major phenotype in wild type budding yeasts but rarely seen in laboratory yeast strains. Here, we analysed flocculation phenotypes and the expression of FLO genes in laboratory strains with various genetic backgrounds. RESULTS: We show that mutations in histone chaperones, the helicase RRM3 and the Histone Deacetylase HDA1 de-repress the FLO genes and partially reconstitute flocculation. We demonstrate that the loss of repression correlates to elevated expression of several FLO genes, to increased acetylation of histones at the promoter of FLO1 and to variegated expression of FLO11. We show that these effects are related to the activity of CAF-1 at the replication forks. We also demonstrate that nitrogen starvation or inhibition of histone deacetylases do not produce flocculation in W303 and BY4742 strains but do so in strains compromised for chromatin maintenance. Finally, we correlate the de-repression of FLO genes to the loss of silencing at the subtelomeric and mating type gene loci. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the deregulation of chromatin maintenance and transmission is sufficient to reconstitute flocculation in laboratory yeast strains. Consequently, we propose that a gain in epigenetic silencing is a major contributing factor for the loss of flocculation phenotypes in these strains. We suggest that flocculation in yeasts provides an excellent model for addressing the challenging issue of how epigenetic mechanisms contribute to evolution.
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spelling pubmed-67573612019-09-30 Histone chaperones and the Rrm3p helicase regulate flocculation in S. cerevisiae Rowlands, Hollie Shaban, Kholoud Foster, Barret Proteau, Yannic Yankulov, Krassimir Epigenetics Chromatin Research BACKGROUND: Biofilm formation or flocculation is a major phenotype in wild type budding yeasts but rarely seen in laboratory yeast strains. Here, we analysed flocculation phenotypes and the expression of FLO genes in laboratory strains with various genetic backgrounds. RESULTS: We show that mutations in histone chaperones, the helicase RRM3 and the Histone Deacetylase HDA1 de-repress the FLO genes and partially reconstitute flocculation. We demonstrate that the loss of repression correlates to elevated expression of several FLO genes, to increased acetylation of histones at the promoter of FLO1 and to variegated expression of FLO11. We show that these effects are related to the activity of CAF-1 at the replication forks. We also demonstrate that nitrogen starvation or inhibition of histone deacetylases do not produce flocculation in W303 and BY4742 strains but do so in strains compromised for chromatin maintenance. Finally, we correlate the de-repression of FLO genes to the loss of silencing at the subtelomeric and mating type gene loci. CONCLUSIONS: We conclude that the deregulation of chromatin maintenance and transmission is sufficient to reconstitute flocculation in laboratory yeast strains. Consequently, we propose that a gain in epigenetic silencing is a major contributing factor for the loss of flocculation phenotypes in these strains. We suggest that flocculation in yeasts provides an excellent model for addressing the challenging issue of how epigenetic mechanisms contribute to evolution. BioMed Central 2019-09-23 /pmc/articles/PMC6757361/ /pubmed/31547833 http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13072-019-0303-8 Text en © The Author(s) 2019 Open AccessThis article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.
spellingShingle Research
Rowlands, Hollie
Shaban, Kholoud
Foster, Barret
Proteau, Yannic
Yankulov, Krassimir
Histone chaperones and the Rrm3p helicase regulate flocculation in S. cerevisiae
title Histone chaperones and the Rrm3p helicase regulate flocculation in S. cerevisiae
title_full Histone chaperones and the Rrm3p helicase regulate flocculation in S. cerevisiae
title_fullStr Histone chaperones and the Rrm3p helicase regulate flocculation in S. cerevisiae
title_full_unstemmed Histone chaperones and the Rrm3p helicase regulate flocculation in S. cerevisiae
title_short Histone chaperones and the Rrm3p helicase regulate flocculation in S. cerevisiae
title_sort histone chaperones and the rrm3p helicase regulate flocculation in s. cerevisiae
topic Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6757361/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31547833
http://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13072-019-0303-8
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