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Comparative Evaluation of the Anti-bacterial Efficacy of Herbal Medicaments and Synthetic Medicaments Against Enterococcus faecalis using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction
Periradicular bacterial infections are the proven cause of the failure of endodontic treatment. When the pulp canal gets infected or becomes necrotic, bacterial growth takes place in the form of biofilms and aggregates. During the endodontic procedure, bacterial colonies are disrupted, and the micro...
Autores principales: | , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Cureus
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6758972/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31565629 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.5228 |
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author | Kalaiselvam, Rajeswari Soundararajan, Karthick Rajan R, Mathan Deivanayagam, Kandaswamy Arumugam, Chakravarthy Ganesh, Arathi |
author_facet | Kalaiselvam, Rajeswari Soundararajan, Karthick Rajan R, Mathan Deivanayagam, Kandaswamy Arumugam, Chakravarthy Ganesh, Arathi |
author_sort | Kalaiselvam, Rajeswari |
collection | PubMed |
description | Periradicular bacterial infections are the proven cause of the failure of endodontic treatment. When the pulp canal gets infected or becomes necrotic, bacterial growth takes place in the form of biofilms and aggregates. During the endodontic procedure, bacterial colonies are disrupted, and the microbial load is reduced by biomechanical preparation, cleaning with anti-microbial solutions, and placing anti-bacterial medicaments in the root canal. These anti-microbial substances are synthetic, having a cytotoxicity effect. In recent times, herbal medicines are an alternative medicine being used increasingly as an intra-canal medicament to fight or prevent common endodontic infections. Aim The objective of this study is to compare the anti-bacterial efficacy of herbal medicaments and synthetic medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Materials and methods This was an in-vitro study in which a total of 60 teeth specimens (n=60) were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. Specimens were divided into six groups (Group 1: Piper nigrum (Piperaceae); Group 2: Piper longum (Piperaceae); Group 3: Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae); Group 4: Calcium hydroxide; Group 5: 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX); and Group 6: saline (negative control). The intra-canal medicaments were packed inside the tooth. After five days, the remaining microbial load was determined by using real-time PCR. Results The threshold cycle (Ct) values of Piper nigrum, Piper longum, dried ginger extract, 2% CHX, calcium hydroxide, and saline were found to be 21.36, 20.55, 22.14, 22.51, 23.62, and 17.81, respectively. The obtained mean bacterial load of these products was 8.64, 12.52, 7.23, 0.82, 0.14, and 149.49, respectively. Conclusion Two percent CHX showed high antibacterial activity against E. faecalis followed by calcium hydroxide, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Piper nigrum, Piper longum, and saline. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6758972 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Cureus |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67589722019-09-28 Comparative Evaluation of the Anti-bacterial Efficacy of Herbal Medicaments and Synthetic Medicaments Against Enterococcus faecalis using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction Kalaiselvam, Rajeswari Soundararajan, Karthick Rajan R, Mathan Deivanayagam, Kandaswamy Arumugam, Chakravarthy Ganesh, Arathi Cureus Miscellaneous Periradicular bacterial infections are the proven cause of the failure of endodontic treatment. When the pulp canal gets infected or becomes necrotic, bacterial growth takes place in the form of biofilms and aggregates. During the endodontic procedure, bacterial colonies are disrupted, and the microbial load is reduced by biomechanical preparation, cleaning with anti-microbial solutions, and placing anti-bacterial medicaments in the root canal. These anti-microbial substances are synthetic, having a cytotoxicity effect. In recent times, herbal medicines are an alternative medicine being used increasingly as an intra-canal medicament to fight or prevent common endodontic infections. Aim The objective of this study is to compare the anti-bacterial efficacy of herbal medicaments and synthetic medicaments against Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis). Materials and methods This was an in-vitro study in which a total of 60 teeth specimens (n=60) were inoculated with E. faecalis for 21 days. Specimens were divided into six groups (Group 1: Piper nigrum (Piperaceae); Group 2: Piper longum (Piperaceae); Group 3: Zingiber officinale Roscoe (Zingiberaceae); Group 4: Calcium hydroxide; Group 5: 2% chlorhexidine gel (CHX); and Group 6: saline (negative control). The intra-canal medicaments were packed inside the tooth. After five days, the remaining microbial load was determined by using real-time PCR. Results The threshold cycle (Ct) values of Piper nigrum, Piper longum, dried ginger extract, 2% CHX, calcium hydroxide, and saline were found to be 21.36, 20.55, 22.14, 22.51, 23.62, and 17.81, respectively. The obtained mean bacterial load of these products was 8.64, 12.52, 7.23, 0.82, 0.14, and 149.49, respectively. Conclusion Two percent CHX showed high antibacterial activity against E. faecalis followed by calcium hydroxide, Zingiber officinale Roscoe, Piper nigrum, Piper longum, and saline. Cureus 2019-07-24 /pmc/articles/PMC6758972/ /pubmed/31565629 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.5228 Text en Copyright © 2019, Kalaiselvam et al. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/ This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. |
spellingShingle | Miscellaneous Kalaiselvam, Rajeswari Soundararajan, Karthick Rajan R, Mathan Deivanayagam, Kandaswamy Arumugam, Chakravarthy Ganesh, Arathi Comparative Evaluation of the Anti-bacterial Efficacy of Herbal Medicaments and Synthetic Medicaments Against Enterococcus faecalis using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction |
title | Comparative Evaluation of the Anti-bacterial Efficacy of Herbal Medicaments and Synthetic Medicaments Against Enterococcus faecalis using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction |
title_full | Comparative Evaluation of the Anti-bacterial Efficacy of Herbal Medicaments and Synthetic Medicaments Against Enterococcus faecalis using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction |
title_fullStr | Comparative Evaluation of the Anti-bacterial Efficacy of Herbal Medicaments and Synthetic Medicaments Against Enterococcus faecalis using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction |
title_full_unstemmed | Comparative Evaluation of the Anti-bacterial Efficacy of Herbal Medicaments and Synthetic Medicaments Against Enterococcus faecalis using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction |
title_short | Comparative Evaluation of the Anti-bacterial Efficacy of Herbal Medicaments and Synthetic Medicaments Against Enterococcus faecalis using Real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction |
title_sort | comparative evaluation of the anti-bacterial efficacy of herbal medicaments and synthetic medicaments against enterococcus faecalis using real-time polymerase chain reaction |
topic | Miscellaneous |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6758972/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31565629 http://dx.doi.org/10.7759/cureus.5228 |
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