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pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 Gene Deletions That Affect Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Plasmodium falciparum: Analysis of Archived Blood Samples From 3 African Countries
BACKGROUND: Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) that target histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) are important tools for Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis. Parasites with pfhrp2/3 gene deletions threaten the use of these mRDTs and have been reported in Africa, Asia, and South America. We studied blood s...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
Oxford University Press
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6761929/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31249999 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz335 |
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author | Thomson, Rebecca Beshir, Khalid B Cunningham, Jane Baiden, Frank Bharmal, Jameel Bruxvoort, Katia J Maiteki-Sebuguzi, Catherine Owusu-Agyei, Seth Staedke, Sarah G Hopkins, Heidi |
author_facet | Thomson, Rebecca Beshir, Khalid B Cunningham, Jane Baiden, Frank Bharmal, Jameel Bruxvoort, Katia J Maiteki-Sebuguzi, Catherine Owusu-Agyei, Seth Staedke, Sarah G Hopkins, Heidi |
author_sort | Thomson, Rebecca |
collection | PubMed |
description | BACKGROUND: Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) that target histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) are important tools for Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis. Parasites with pfhrp2/3 gene deletions threaten the use of these mRDTs and have been reported in Africa, Asia, and South America. We studied blood samples from 3 African countries to determine if these gene deletions were present. METHODS: We analyzed 911 dried blood spots from Ghana (n = 165), Tanzania (n = 176), and Uganda (n = 570). Plasmodium falciparum infection was confirmed by 18S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and pfhrp2/3 genes were genotyped. True pfhrp2/3 gene deletions were confirmed if samples were (1) microscopy positive; (2) 18S rDNA PCR positive; (3) positive for merozoite surface protein genes by PCR or positive by loop-mediated isothermal amplification; or (4) quantitative PCR positive with >5 parasites/µL. RESULTS: No pfhrp2/3 deletions were detected in samples from Ghana, but deletions were identified in Tanzania (3 pfhrp2; 2 pfhrp3) and Uganda (7 pfhrp2; 2 pfhrp3). Of the 10 samples with pfhrp2 deletions, 9 tested negative by HRP2-based mRDT. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of pfhrp2/3 deletions in Tanzania and Uganda, along with reports of pfhrp2/3-deleted parasites in neighboring countries, reinforces the need for systematic surveillance to monitor the reliability of mRDTs in malaria-endemic countries. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6761929 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | Oxford University Press |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67619292019-10-02 pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 Gene Deletions That Affect Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Plasmodium falciparum: Analysis of Archived Blood Samples From 3 African Countries Thomson, Rebecca Beshir, Khalid B Cunningham, Jane Baiden, Frank Bharmal, Jameel Bruxvoort, Katia J Maiteki-Sebuguzi, Catherine Owusu-Agyei, Seth Staedke, Sarah G Hopkins, Heidi J Infect Dis Major Articles and Brief Reports BACKGROUND: Malaria rapid diagnostic tests (mRDTs) that target histidine-rich protein 2 (HRP2) are important tools for Plasmodium falciparum diagnosis. Parasites with pfhrp2/3 gene deletions threaten the use of these mRDTs and have been reported in Africa, Asia, and South America. We studied blood samples from 3 African countries to determine if these gene deletions were present. METHODS: We analyzed 911 dried blood spots from Ghana (n = 165), Tanzania (n = 176), and Uganda (n = 570). Plasmodium falciparum infection was confirmed by 18S rDNA polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and pfhrp2/3 genes were genotyped. True pfhrp2/3 gene deletions were confirmed if samples were (1) microscopy positive; (2) 18S rDNA PCR positive; (3) positive for merozoite surface protein genes by PCR or positive by loop-mediated isothermal amplification; or (4) quantitative PCR positive with >5 parasites/µL. RESULTS: No pfhrp2/3 deletions were detected in samples from Ghana, but deletions were identified in Tanzania (3 pfhrp2; 2 pfhrp3) and Uganda (7 pfhrp2; 2 pfhrp3). Of the 10 samples with pfhrp2 deletions, 9 tested negative by HRP2-based mRDT. CONCLUSIONS: The presence of pfhrp2/3 deletions in Tanzania and Uganda, along with reports of pfhrp2/3-deleted parasites in neighboring countries, reinforces the need for systematic surveillance to monitor the reliability of mRDTs in malaria-endemic countries. Oxford University Press 2019-11-01 2019-06-28 /pmc/articles/PMC6761929/ /pubmed/31249999 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz335 Text en © The Author(s) 2019. Published by Oxford University Press for the Infectious Diseases Society of America. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted reuse, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. |
spellingShingle | Major Articles and Brief Reports Thomson, Rebecca Beshir, Khalid B Cunningham, Jane Baiden, Frank Bharmal, Jameel Bruxvoort, Katia J Maiteki-Sebuguzi, Catherine Owusu-Agyei, Seth Staedke, Sarah G Hopkins, Heidi pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 Gene Deletions That Affect Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Plasmodium falciparum: Analysis of Archived Blood Samples From 3 African Countries |
title |
pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 Gene Deletions That Affect Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Plasmodium falciparum: Analysis of Archived Blood Samples From 3 African Countries |
title_full |
pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 Gene Deletions That Affect Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Plasmodium falciparum: Analysis of Archived Blood Samples From 3 African Countries |
title_fullStr |
pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 Gene Deletions That Affect Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Plasmodium falciparum: Analysis of Archived Blood Samples From 3 African Countries |
title_full_unstemmed |
pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 Gene Deletions That Affect Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Plasmodium falciparum: Analysis of Archived Blood Samples From 3 African Countries |
title_short |
pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 Gene Deletions That Affect Malaria Rapid Diagnostic Tests for Plasmodium falciparum: Analysis of Archived Blood Samples From 3 African Countries |
title_sort | pfhrp2 and pfhrp3 gene deletions that affect malaria rapid diagnostic tests for plasmodium falciparum: analysis of archived blood samples from 3 african countries |
topic | Major Articles and Brief Reports |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6761929/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31249999 http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiz335 |
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