Inhibition of Astrocyte Connexin 43 Channels Facilitates the Differentiation of Oligodendrocyte Precursor Cells Under Hypoxic Conditions In Vitro

Oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) proliferation and differentiation are essential for remyelination after white matter injury. Astrocytes could promote oligodendrogenesis after white matter damage whereas the underlying mechanisms are unknown. In this study, the role of astrocytic connexin43 (Cx43) hemichannels involved in OPC proliferation and differentiation in chronic hypoxia was evaluated. In an astrocyte-OPC co-culture chronic hypoxia model, OPCs became proliferative but failed to mature into oligodendrocytes. Application of astrocytic Cx43 blockers attenuated astrocyte activation, suppressed Cx43 hemichannel uptake activity and glutamate release induced by hypoxia, as well as improved OPC differentiation. Moreover, AMPA but not NMDA glutamate receptor antagonist rescued OPC differentiation in hypoxia. In conclusion, these findings suggested that astrocytic Cx43 hemichannel inhibition could potentially improve OPC maturation by attenuating AMPAR-mediated glutamate signaling. Astrocytic Cx43 hemichannels could serve as a potential therapeutic target for remyelination after chronic hypoxia. ELECTRONIC SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIAL: The online version of this article (10.1007/s12031-018-1061-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.