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U.S. Adolescent and Adult Women’s Experiences Accessing and Using Toilets in Schools, Workplaces, and Public Spaces: A Multi-Site Focus Group Study to Inform Future Research in Bladder Health
The World Health Organization recognizes access to clean and safe toilets as crucial for public health. This study explored U.S. adolescent and adult cisgender women’s lived experiences accessing toilets in schools, workplaces, and public spaces. As part of the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symp...
Autores principales: | , , , , , , , , , , |
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Formato: | Online Artículo Texto |
Lenguaje: | English |
Publicado: |
MDPI
2019
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Materias: | |
Acceso en línea: | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6765808/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31510038 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183338 |
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author | Camenga, Deepa R. Brady, Sonya S. Hardacker, Cecilia T. Williams, Beverly R. Hebert-Beirne, Jeni James, Aimee S. Burgio, Kathryn Nodora, Jesse Wyman, Jean F. Berry, Amanda Low, Lisa K. |
author_facet | Camenga, Deepa R. Brady, Sonya S. Hardacker, Cecilia T. Williams, Beverly R. Hebert-Beirne, Jeni James, Aimee S. Burgio, Kathryn Nodora, Jesse Wyman, Jean F. Berry, Amanda Low, Lisa K. |
author_sort | Camenga, Deepa R. |
collection | PubMed |
description | The World Health Organization recognizes access to clean and safe toilets as crucial for public health. This study explored U.S. adolescent and adult cisgender women’s lived experiences accessing toilets in schools, workplaces, and public spaces. As part of the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium, we conducted 44 focus groups with female participants (n = 360; ages 11–93). Focus groups were stratified by age (11–14, 15–17, 18–25, 26–44, 45–64, 65+) and conducted across 7 geographically diverse U.S. sites from July 2017–April 2018. Using a transdisciplinary approach, we conducted conventional qualitative coding informed by our PLUS conceptual framework and used content analysis processes to identify salient themes. Across settings, toilet access was restricted by “gatekeepers” (i.e., individuals who control access to toilets). In contrast, self-restricting toilet use (deciding not to use the toilet despite biologic need to urinate) was based on internalized norms to prioritize school and job responsibilities over urination. In public spaces, self-restricting use was largely in response to lack of cleanliness. Across the life course, participants perceived gender disparities in the ability to easily access public toilets. Further research is needed to determine if and how these factors impact bladder health across the life course. |
format | Online Article Text |
id | pubmed-6765808 |
institution | National Center for Biotechnology Information |
language | English |
publishDate | 2019 |
publisher | MDPI |
record_format | MEDLINE/PubMed |
spelling | pubmed-67658082019-09-30 U.S. Adolescent and Adult Women’s Experiences Accessing and Using Toilets in Schools, Workplaces, and Public Spaces: A Multi-Site Focus Group Study to Inform Future Research in Bladder Health Camenga, Deepa R. Brady, Sonya S. Hardacker, Cecilia T. Williams, Beverly R. Hebert-Beirne, Jeni James, Aimee S. Burgio, Kathryn Nodora, Jesse Wyman, Jean F. Berry, Amanda Low, Lisa K. Int J Environ Res Public Health Article The World Health Organization recognizes access to clean and safe toilets as crucial for public health. This study explored U.S. adolescent and adult cisgender women’s lived experiences accessing toilets in schools, workplaces, and public spaces. As part of the Prevention of Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms (PLUS) Research Consortium, we conducted 44 focus groups with female participants (n = 360; ages 11–93). Focus groups were stratified by age (11–14, 15–17, 18–25, 26–44, 45–64, 65+) and conducted across 7 geographically diverse U.S. sites from July 2017–April 2018. Using a transdisciplinary approach, we conducted conventional qualitative coding informed by our PLUS conceptual framework and used content analysis processes to identify salient themes. Across settings, toilet access was restricted by “gatekeepers” (i.e., individuals who control access to toilets). In contrast, self-restricting toilet use (deciding not to use the toilet despite biologic need to urinate) was based on internalized norms to prioritize school and job responsibilities over urination. In public spaces, self-restricting use was largely in response to lack of cleanliness. Across the life course, participants perceived gender disparities in the ability to easily access public toilets. Further research is needed to determine if and how these factors impact bladder health across the life course. MDPI 2019-09-10 2019-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6765808/ /pubmed/31510038 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183338 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). |
spellingShingle | Article Camenga, Deepa R. Brady, Sonya S. Hardacker, Cecilia T. Williams, Beverly R. Hebert-Beirne, Jeni James, Aimee S. Burgio, Kathryn Nodora, Jesse Wyman, Jean F. Berry, Amanda Low, Lisa K. U.S. Adolescent and Adult Women’s Experiences Accessing and Using Toilets in Schools, Workplaces, and Public Spaces: A Multi-Site Focus Group Study to Inform Future Research in Bladder Health |
title | U.S. Adolescent and Adult Women’s Experiences Accessing and Using Toilets in Schools, Workplaces, and Public Spaces: A Multi-Site Focus Group Study to Inform Future Research in Bladder Health |
title_full | U.S. Adolescent and Adult Women’s Experiences Accessing and Using Toilets in Schools, Workplaces, and Public Spaces: A Multi-Site Focus Group Study to Inform Future Research in Bladder Health |
title_fullStr | U.S. Adolescent and Adult Women’s Experiences Accessing and Using Toilets in Schools, Workplaces, and Public Spaces: A Multi-Site Focus Group Study to Inform Future Research in Bladder Health |
title_full_unstemmed | U.S. Adolescent and Adult Women’s Experiences Accessing and Using Toilets in Schools, Workplaces, and Public Spaces: A Multi-Site Focus Group Study to Inform Future Research in Bladder Health |
title_short | U.S. Adolescent and Adult Women’s Experiences Accessing and Using Toilets in Schools, Workplaces, and Public Spaces: A Multi-Site Focus Group Study to Inform Future Research in Bladder Health |
title_sort | u.s. adolescent and adult women’s experiences accessing and using toilets in schools, workplaces, and public spaces: a multi-site focus group study to inform future research in bladder health |
topic | Article |
url | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6765808/ https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31510038 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183338 |
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