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Variations in the Visual Probe Paradigms for Attention Bias Modification for Substance Use Disorders

Advances in experimental psychology have provided evidence for the presence of attentional and approach biases in individuals with substance use disorders. Traditionally, reaction time tasks, such as the Stroop or the Visual Probe Task, are commonly used in the assessment of attention biases. The Vi...

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Autores principales: Zhang, Melvyn, Fung, Daniel S. S., Smith, Helen
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6765878/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31547477
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183389
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author Zhang, Melvyn
Fung, Daniel S. S.
Smith, Helen
author_facet Zhang, Melvyn
Fung, Daniel S. S.
Smith, Helen
author_sort Zhang, Melvyn
collection PubMed
description Advances in experimental psychology have provided evidence for the presence of attentional and approach biases in individuals with substance use disorders. Traditionally, reaction time tasks, such as the Stroop or the Visual Probe Task, are commonly used in the assessment of attention biases. The Visual Probe Task has been criticized for its poor reliability, and other research has highlighted that variations remain in the paradigms adopted. However, a gap remains in the published literature, as there have not been any prior studies that have reviewed stimulus timings for different substance use disorders. Such a review is pertinent, as the nature of the task might affect its effectiveness. The aim of this paper was in comparing the different methods used in the Visual Probe Task, by focusing on tasks that have been used for the most highly prevalent substance disorders—that of opiate use, cannabis use and stimulant use disorders. A total of eight published articles were identified for opioid use disorders, three for cannabis use disorders and four for stimulant use disorders. As evident from the synthesis, there is great variability in the paradigm adopted, with most articles including only information about the nature of the stimulus, the number of trials, the timings for the fixation cross and the timings for the stimulus set. Future research examining attentional biases among individuals with substance use disorders should take into consideration the paradigms that are commonly used and evaluate the optimal stimulus and stimulus-onset asynchrony timings.
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spelling pubmed-67658782019-09-30 Variations in the Visual Probe Paradigms for Attention Bias Modification for Substance Use Disorders Zhang, Melvyn Fung, Daniel S. S. Smith, Helen Int J Environ Res Public Health Discussion Advances in experimental psychology have provided evidence for the presence of attentional and approach biases in individuals with substance use disorders. Traditionally, reaction time tasks, such as the Stroop or the Visual Probe Task, are commonly used in the assessment of attention biases. The Visual Probe Task has been criticized for its poor reliability, and other research has highlighted that variations remain in the paradigms adopted. However, a gap remains in the published literature, as there have not been any prior studies that have reviewed stimulus timings for different substance use disorders. Such a review is pertinent, as the nature of the task might affect its effectiveness. The aim of this paper was in comparing the different methods used in the Visual Probe Task, by focusing on tasks that have been used for the most highly prevalent substance disorders—that of opiate use, cannabis use and stimulant use disorders. A total of eight published articles were identified for opioid use disorders, three for cannabis use disorders and four for stimulant use disorders. As evident from the synthesis, there is great variability in the paradigm adopted, with most articles including only information about the nature of the stimulus, the number of trials, the timings for the fixation cross and the timings for the stimulus set. Future research examining attentional biases among individuals with substance use disorders should take into consideration the paradigms that are commonly used and evaluate the optimal stimulus and stimulus-onset asynchrony timings. MDPI 2019-09-12 2019-09 /pmc/articles/PMC6765878/ /pubmed/31547477 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183389 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Discussion
Zhang, Melvyn
Fung, Daniel S. S.
Smith, Helen
Variations in the Visual Probe Paradigms for Attention Bias Modification for Substance Use Disorders
title Variations in the Visual Probe Paradigms for Attention Bias Modification for Substance Use Disorders
title_full Variations in the Visual Probe Paradigms for Attention Bias Modification for Substance Use Disorders
title_fullStr Variations in the Visual Probe Paradigms for Attention Bias Modification for Substance Use Disorders
title_full_unstemmed Variations in the Visual Probe Paradigms for Attention Bias Modification for Substance Use Disorders
title_short Variations in the Visual Probe Paradigms for Attention Bias Modification for Substance Use Disorders
title_sort variations in the visual probe paradigms for attention bias modification for substance use disorders
topic Discussion
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6765878/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31547477
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16183389
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