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Silver Nanoparticle-Based Assay for the Detection of Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains

There is a wide spectrum of malignant diseases that are connected with the clonal proliferation of plasma cells, which cause the production of complete immunoglobulins or their fragments (heavy or light immunoglobulin chains). These proteins may accumulate in tissues, leading to end organ damage. Th...

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Autores principales: Lizoń, Anna, Wytrwal-Sarna, Magdalena, Gajewska, Marta, Drożdż, Ryszard
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: MDPI 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6766345/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31540144
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182981
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author Lizoń, Anna
Wytrwal-Sarna, Magdalena
Gajewska, Marta
Drożdż, Ryszard
author_facet Lizoń, Anna
Wytrwal-Sarna, Magdalena
Gajewska, Marta
Drożdż, Ryszard
author_sort Lizoń, Anna
collection PubMed
description There is a wide spectrum of malignant diseases that are connected with the clonal proliferation of plasma cells, which cause the production of complete immunoglobulins or their fragments (heavy or light immunoglobulin chains). These proteins may accumulate in tissues, leading to end organ damage. The quantitative determination of immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) is considered to be the gold standard in the detection and treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. In this study, a silver nanoparticle-based diagnostic tool for the quantitation of FLCs is presented. The optimal test conditions were achieved when a metal nanoparticle (MNP) was covered with 10 particles of an antibody and conjugated by 5–50 protein antigen particles (FLCs). The formation of the second antigen protein corona was accompanied by noticeable changes in the surface plasmon resonance spectra of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which coincided with an increase of the hydrodynamic diameter and increase in the zeta potential, as demonstrated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). A decrease of repulsion forces and the formation of antigen–antibody bridges resulted in the agglutination of AgNPs, as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy and the direct formation of AgNP aggregates. Antigen-conjugated AgNPs clusters were also found by direct observation using green laser light scattering. The parameters of the specific immunochemical aggregation process consistent with the sizes of AgNPs and the protein particles that coat them were confirmed by four physical methods, yielding complementary data concerning a clinically useful AgNPs aggregation test.
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spelling pubmed-67663452019-09-30 Silver Nanoparticle-Based Assay for the Detection of Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains Lizoń, Anna Wytrwal-Sarna, Magdalena Gajewska, Marta Drożdż, Ryszard Materials (Basel) Article There is a wide spectrum of malignant diseases that are connected with the clonal proliferation of plasma cells, which cause the production of complete immunoglobulins or their fragments (heavy or light immunoglobulin chains). These proteins may accumulate in tissues, leading to end organ damage. The quantitative determination of immunoglobulin free light chains (FLCs) is considered to be the gold standard in the detection and treatment of multiple myeloma (MM) and amyloid light-chain (AL) amyloidosis. In this study, a silver nanoparticle-based diagnostic tool for the quantitation of FLCs is presented. The optimal test conditions were achieved when a metal nanoparticle (MNP) was covered with 10 particles of an antibody and conjugated by 5–50 protein antigen particles (FLCs). The formation of the second antigen protein corona was accompanied by noticeable changes in the surface plasmon resonance spectra of the silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), which coincided with an increase of the hydrodynamic diameter and increase in the zeta potential, as demonstrated by dynamic light scattering (DLS). A decrease of repulsion forces and the formation of antigen–antibody bridges resulted in the agglutination of AgNPs, as demonstrated by transmission electron microscopy and the direct formation of AgNP aggregates. Antigen-conjugated AgNPs clusters were also found by direct observation using green laser light scattering. The parameters of the specific immunochemical aggregation process consistent with the sizes of AgNPs and the protein particles that coat them were confirmed by four physical methods, yielding complementary data concerning a clinically useful AgNPs aggregation test. MDPI 2019-09-15 /pmc/articles/PMC6766345/ /pubmed/31540144 http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182981 Text en © 2019 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
spellingShingle Article
Lizoń, Anna
Wytrwal-Sarna, Magdalena
Gajewska, Marta
Drożdż, Ryszard
Silver Nanoparticle-Based Assay for the Detection of Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains
title Silver Nanoparticle-Based Assay for the Detection of Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains
title_full Silver Nanoparticle-Based Assay for the Detection of Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains
title_fullStr Silver Nanoparticle-Based Assay for the Detection of Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains
title_full_unstemmed Silver Nanoparticle-Based Assay for the Detection of Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains
title_short Silver Nanoparticle-Based Assay for the Detection of Immunoglobulin Free Light Chains
title_sort silver nanoparticle-based assay for the detection of immunoglobulin free light chains
topic Article
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6766345/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31540144
http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma12182981
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