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Protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in healthy humans

Protocatechuic acid exerts multiple health‐promoting effects such as anticancer, anti‐atherosclerosis, and neuroprotection in animal models. While protocatechuic acid produced in the lower gastrointestinal tract by microbial catabolism of several flavonoids is bioavailable, the pharmacokinetics of p...

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Autores principales: Zheng, Jiakun, Xiong, Haiyan, Li, Qing, He, Luanying, Weng, Hui, Ling, Wenhua, Wang, Dongliang
Formato: Online Artículo Texto
Lenguaje:English
Publicado: John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019
Materias:
Acceso en línea:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6766590/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31572600
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1168
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author Zheng, Jiakun
Xiong, Haiyan
Li, Qing
He, Luanying
Weng, Hui
Ling, Wenhua
Wang, Dongliang
author_facet Zheng, Jiakun
Xiong, Haiyan
Li, Qing
He, Luanying
Weng, Hui
Ling, Wenhua
Wang, Dongliang
author_sort Zheng, Jiakun
collection PubMed
description Protocatechuic acid exerts multiple health‐promoting effects such as anticancer, anti‐atherosclerosis, and neuroprotection in animal models. While protocatechuic acid produced in the lower gastrointestinal tract by microbial catabolism of several flavonoids is bioavailable, the pharmacokinetics of protocatechuic acid has not been evaluated so far in humans following its oral consumption. In this open‐label and single‐dose pharmacokinetic trial, 16 healthy adults followed a low‐phytochemical diet for three days. Next, after overnight fasting, participants consumed 150 g of chicory containing 248 μmol of protocatechuic acid. Blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected before and up to 24 hr after chicory consumption. Protocatechuic acid in the free and glucuronide/sulfate‐conjugated forms was almost undetectable in serum, urine, and fecal samples before chicory consumption. Chicory consumption increased the levels of protocatechuic acid and its glucuronide/sulfate conjugates in biological samples. The maximum serum concentrations of protocatechuic acid in the free‐, glucuronide‐, and sulfate‐conjugated forms were 3,273, 519, and 340 nmol/L, respectively. The recovery of total protocatechuic acid in blood circulation, urine, and feces was 23.79%, 12.17%, and 12.79% of the ingested dose, respectively. Moreover, glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of protocatechuic acid made up 34.79%, 60.15%, and 72.70% of its total recovery in blood circulation, urine, and feces, respectively. Collectively, protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in human adults, and its regular consumption may exert health‐promoting effects.
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spelling pubmed-67665902019-09-30 Protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in healthy humans Zheng, Jiakun Xiong, Haiyan Li, Qing He, Luanying Weng, Hui Ling, Wenhua Wang, Dongliang Food Sci Nutr Original Research Protocatechuic acid exerts multiple health‐promoting effects such as anticancer, anti‐atherosclerosis, and neuroprotection in animal models. While protocatechuic acid produced in the lower gastrointestinal tract by microbial catabolism of several flavonoids is bioavailable, the pharmacokinetics of protocatechuic acid has not been evaluated so far in humans following its oral consumption. In this open‐label and single‐dose pharmacokinetic trial, 16 healthy adults followed a low‐phytochemical diet for three days. Next, after overnight fasting, participants consumed 150 g of chicory containing 248 μmol of protocatechuic acid. Blood, urine, and fecal samples were collected before and up to 24 hr after chicory consumption. Protocatechuic acid in the free and glucuronide/sulfate‐conjugated forms was almost undetectable in serum, urine, and fecal samples before chicory consumption. Chicory consumption increased the levels of protocatechuic acid and its glucuronide/sulfate conjugates in biological samples. The maximum serum concentrations of protocatechuic acid in the free‐, glucuronide‐, and sulfate‐conjugated forms were 3,273, 519, and 340 nmol/L, respectively. The recovery of total protocatechuic acid in blood circulation, urine, and feces was 23.79%, 12.17%, and 12.79% of the ingested dose, respectively. Moreover, glucuronide and sulfate conjugates of protocatechuic acid made up 34.79%, 60.15%, and 72.70% of its total recovery in blood circulation, urine, and feces, respectively. Collectively, protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in human adults, and its regular consumption may exert health‐promoting effects. John Wiley and Sons Inc. 2019-08-14 /pmc/articles/PMC6766590/ /pubmed/31572600 http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1168 Text en © 2019 The Authors. Food Science & Nutrition published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ License, which permits use, distribution and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
spellingShingle Original Research
Zheng, Jiakun
Xiong, Haiyan
Li, Qing
He, Luanying
Weng, Hui
Ling, Wenhua
Wang, Dongliang
Protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in healthy humans
title Protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in healthy humans
title_full Protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in healthy humans
title_fullStr Protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in healthy humans
title_full_unstemmed Protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in healthy humans
title_short Protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in healthy humans
title_sort protocatechuic acid from chicory is bioavailable and undergoes partial glucuronidation and sulfation in healthy humans
topic Original Research
url https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6766590/
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/31572600
http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/fsn3.1168
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