Higher Chain Length Distribution in Debranched Type‐3 Resistant Starches (RS3) Increases TLR Signaling and Supports Dendritic Cell Cytokine Production

SCOPE: Resistant starches (RSs) are classically considered to elicit health benefits through fermentation. However, it is recently shown that RSs can also support health by direct immune interactions. Therefore, it has been hypothesized that the structural traits of RSs might impact the health benefits associated with their consumption. METHODS AND RESULTS: Effects of crystallinity, molecular weight, and chain length distribution of RSs are determined on immune Toll‐like receptors (TLRs), dendritic cells (DCs), and T‐cell cytokines production. To this end, four type‐3 RSs (RS3) are compared, namely Paselli WFR, JD150, debranched Etenia, and Amylose fraction V, which are extracted from potatoes and enzymatically modified. Dextrose equivalent seems to be the most important feature influencing immune signaling via activation of TLRs. TLR2 and TLR4 are most strongly stimulated. Especially Paselli WFR is a potent activator of multiple receptors. Moreover, the presence of amylose, even to residual levels, enhances DC and T‐cell cytokine responses. Paselli WFR and Amylose fraction V influence T‐cell polarization. CONCLUSIONS: It has been shown here that chain length and particularly dextrose equivalent are critical features for immune activation. This knowledge might lead to tailoring and design of immune‐active RS formulations.